chapter 5 Flashcards
3 main functions of the digestive system are
digestion, absorption,elimination
name the regions of the stomach
upper region- fundus
main portion- body
lower portion- antra
the three sections of the small intestine are
duodenum, ileum, jejenum
the 4 sections of the large intestine,
secum, colon, rectum, anus
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative liver disease
dyspepsia
difficult digestion
dysphagia
difficult swallowing
peristalsis
wavelike contractions to move food to digest
dentalgia
tooth pain
rectocele
hernia of rectum protruding into vagina
Herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of hernia
GERD
gastro esophogeal reflux disease
Buccal ulcer
cheek ulcer
buccal
cheek
Sigmoidoscope
a flexible tube inserted through the anus in order to examine the sigmoid colon.
Cholelithiasis
gallstones
Sialadenitis
inflammation of salivary glands
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach and intestines
Hematemesis
vomiting blood
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
Anorexia
lack of appetite
Laparoscopy
process of viewing stomach
Hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
Cholecystectomy
gallbladder removal
glossectomy
surgical removal of tongue
hypogastric
below stomach
hepatemesis
vomiting blood
cholecystitis
gallbladder inflammation
colectomy
surgical removal of colon
abbreviation for nasogastric
NG
abbreviation for endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
ERCP
abbreviation for hydrochloric acid
HCI
“pertaining to gastric digestion.”
peptic
“inflammation of the salivary gland.”
sialadenitis
An open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane is a/an
ulcer
This word means “pertaining to below the tongue.”
sublingual
“pertaining to the tongue.”
lingual
inflammation of the liver.”
hepatitis
a chronic degenerative liver disease characterized
by fat infiltrations of the parenchymal cells and lobules
cirrhosis
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
the milky fluid of intestinal digestion composed of
lymph and emulsified fats
chyle
a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any
part of the gastrointestinal system
crohn’s
occurs when the muscle between
the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes
inappropriately, allowing the stomach’s contents to back up in the esophagus.
GERD
is a disorder that interferes with the normal function
of the large intestine (colon)
IBS
means “chewing.”
mastication
breaking of complex substances into more
basic elements
catabolism
a twisting of the bowel on itself that causes
an obstruction
volvulus
Herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of hernia
Gastroenterology
study of stomach and intestines
Anorexia
lack of appetite
What would the definition be for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
gallbladder removed through small incisions in abdomen
The liver manufactures bile, which then gets stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. What
happens to the bile after a patient has a cholecystectomy?
skips and goes straight to small intestine
Cirrhosis
condition of degenerative liver disease
Defecation
process of elimination / emptying bowel
Gastrectomy
surgical removal of stomach
Gastroesophageal
pertaining to stomach and esophagus
Pertaining to teeth
dental
Inflammation of small intestines
enteritis
Stomach pain
gastrodynia
Specialist in the stomach and small intestines
gastroenterologist
Softening of the stomach
gastromalacia
Pertaining to the nose and stomach
nasogastric (NG)
Inflammation of the gums
gingivitis
Liver tumor
hepatoma
Many (excessive) eating
polyphagia
Create an opening in the ileum
ileostomy
sialolith
salivary stone
jejunum
middle portion of small intestine
melena
passing of black, tarry stools
deglutition
swallowing
When the cardiac sphincter relaxes, food enters the
stomach
Food, mixed with gastric
secretions, exits the stomach through the _______________ sphincter.
pyloric
The first part of the small
intestine, the ______________, also receives secretions from the liver and pancreas.
duodenum
. The second
and third sections of the small intestine are the __________________ and the _________________
jejunum and ileum
the ___________________________ colon is the
horizontal section of the large intestine
transverse
The ______ colon
is located on the right side of the abdominal cavity;
ascending
the _________ colon is located on the left side
of the abdominal cavity
descending
The “S” or “J” shaped ________________________ colon is connected to
the _______________, the storage sac for feces.
sigmoid
rectum
An opening called the ______________________________
allows feces to be expelled in an act called ________________
anus
defactation
A small mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed is:
bolus
The ________ is the first portion of the small intestine.
duodenum
In the term postprandial, the combining form prand/i means:
meal
In the term amylase, the suffix -ase means
enzyme
A chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but
most commonly occurs in the ileum is
chrohns
Inflammation of the liver is:
hepatitis
A surgical incision into the abdomen is:
laparatomy
Inflammation of the pancreas is:
pancreatitis
In the term dysentery, the prefix dys- means:
difficult
A physician who specializes in the study of the anus and the rectum is called a:
proctologist.
In the term emesis, the root eme means:
vomit
The teeth with sharp cutting edges are:
incisors
What is the term for black, tarry stools?
melena
Hyperalimentation is defined as:
an intravenous infusion to sustain life.
pertaining to the cheek
buccal
Cirrhosis can be defined as
A chronic degenerative liver disease
Pouches that protrude outward from the colon are characteristic of which condition?
diverticulitis
glossectomy
surgical removal of tongue
A significant accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity is known as ________.
ascites
A hiatal hernia is protrusion of the ________ out of the abdomen.
stomach
A person who suffers from reflux of gastric fluid back into the esophagus has ________.
GERD
The gums in the mouth are called ________.
gingivae
the throat, just beyond the mouth, is called the ____
pharynx
The parotid gland is located ________
slightly below the ear
What term means “surgical incision of the common bile duct”?
Choledochotomy
What procedure necessitates that the patient wears a bag attached to the abdomen to collect stool that passes through the intestine?
colostomy
Crohn disease is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the ____
small intestine
The expelling of gas from the anus is medically referred to as ________.
flatus
Food moves through the intestinal tract by means of ________.
peristalsis
Proton-pump inhibitors are typically used by patients with ____
ulcers
The test for occult blood requires a sample of ____
feces
A person who suffers from reflux of gastric fluid back into the esophagus has ____
GERD
the correct abbreviation for barium enema
BAE
