Chapter 4_Enzymes

Question 1

is a rod-shaped bacterium originally discovered in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park

Answer 1

Thermus aquaticus

Question 2

Thermus aquaticus

Answer 2

Can survive at temperatures between 50°C and 80°C

Question 3

is a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA, which can then be studied in greater detail.

Answer 3

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 4

Steps in PCR:

Answer 4

• Denaturation of helical DNA (94-96˚C)
• Annealing (68˚C)
• Elongation (72˚)

Question 5

Biological catalysis was first recognized and described in the

Answer 5

Lae 1700s

Question 6

…. in the late 1700s, in studies on

Answer 6

the digestion of meat by secretions of the stomach.

Question 7

Research continued in______ with examinations of the ________.

Answer 7

the 1800s; conversion of starch to sugar by saliva and various plant extracts

Question 8

In the _____, ________ concluded that fermentation of sugar into alcohol by _______.

Answer 8

1850s; Louis Pasteur; yeast is catalyzed by “ferments.”

Question 9

Then in _____ Eduard Buchner discovered that __________, proving that fermentation was promoted by ___________.

Answer 9

1897; yeast extracts could ferment sugar to alcohol; molecules that continued to function when removed from cells.