Chapter 49: Eye and Vision Problems

Question 0

Seborrhea

Answer 0

Greasy itchy scaling of the eyebrows and eyelids

Question 1

Blepharitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the eye lid, usually in older dry eye

Question 2

Entropion

Answer 2

Turning inward of the eyelid coughing the lashes to rub against the eyes. Can cause irritation,scaring, and deformity. Surgical correction will probably be needed.

Question 3

Ectropion

Answer 3

Turning outward and sagging of the eyelid. Reduces the washing action of tears and leads to drying and ulceration. They often have constant tears. Surgery can restore proper alignment.

Question 4

Hordeolum

Answer 4

stye Infection of the sweat glands in the eyelid or of the sebaceous glands internally. Most common organisms are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Streptococcus. Usually only affects one eye. Vision is not affected. Use warm compresses four times a day in an antibiotic ointment

Question 5

Chalazion

Answer 5

Inflammation of the sebaceous gland in eye lid. Redness, tenderness, painless swelling. Eye fatigue, light sensitivity, excess of tears. Use warm compresses for 15 minutes four-times a day, ophthalmic ointment. Surgical removal followed by antibiotic ointment, patch for 6 hours, warm wet compresses.

Question 6

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Answer 6

Dry eye syndrome from changes into tear composition, lacriminal gland malfunction, or altered tear distribution. Medications such as antihistamines, beta adrenergic blocking agents, or anti-cholinergic drugs can cause this. Rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, sarcoidosis, and MS. Radiation, burns, CN VII, surgery.

Fill a foreign body, burning, itching, photophobia, Dulled or distorted corneal light reflex. Treatment may include Restasis to increase tear production, artificial tears, or lubricating appointment. Surgery may be needed to correct the underlying problem

Question 7

Trachoma

Answer 7

scarring from conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia. Poor sanitation. Symptoms include tears, photophobia, edema of the eyelids conjunctiva, follicles, scars, eyelids turned inward. Four-week course of oral or topical tetracycline or erythromycin. Zithromax can be used once per week for 1 to 3 weeks.

Question 8

keratoplasty

Answer 8

corneal transpant
Corneal tissue is removed and replaced with human donor cornea. Pre-op teaching is often time-limited. Make sure there is no infection and install anabiotic drops into the eyes. Obtain IV access.

Usually local anesthesia, takes 1 hour,

post op: Subconjunctival antibiotic injection in antibiotic ointment is given. Pressure patch and protective shield is left in place until the next day when they return to the doctor. Lay on the nonoperative side to reduce IOP. Peapatch maybe needed for 3 to 5 days and the shield will be needed at night for the first month and whenever around danger. Complications include bleeding, leakage, infection, and graft rejection. Monitor daily for infection. Report (after 48 hrs if they last 6 hours) decreased vision, increased reddening, pain, increased light sensitivity, presense of flashes or floaters. Avoid jerky activities such as jogging and anything that may increase IOP

Question 9

Activities that increase intraocular pressure

Answer 9

Bending at waist, lifting greater than 10 pounds, sneezing, coughing, blowing nose, straining for BM, vomitting, sex, keeping the head in a dependent position, tight shirt collars