Chapter 47

Question 1

Multidimensional habitat that allows a species to practice its way of life. Determined by abiotic and biotic factors.

Answer 1

Niche

Question 2

A pattern in which species whos niches overlap may diverge to minimize the overlap

Answer 2

Resource partitioning

Question 3

The full range of climate conditions and food resources that permit the individuals in a species to live

Answer 3

fundamental niche

Question 4

The actual range if habitats occupied by a species

Answer 4

realized niche

Question 5

Competition with other species

Answer 5

interspecific competition

Question 6

Competition within species

Answer 6

intraspecific competition

Question 7

Close interactions between species that have evolved over long periods of time

Answer 7

symbioses

Question 8

Mutually beneficial interactions

Answer 8

mutualisms

Question 9

One sided interactions in which at least one participant loses more than it gains
(Ex. Predation, Parasitism, and Herbivory)

Answer 9

antagonisms

Question 10

Interactions in which the use of a mutually needed resource by one individual or group of individuals lowers the availability of the resource for another individual or group

Answer 10

competition

Question 11

result of an antagonistic interaction in which one species is prevented from occupying a particular habitat or niche.

Answer 11

competition exclusion

Question 12

when one or both sides of a mutualism cannot survive without the other

Answer 12

obligate

Question 13

one or both participants can survive without the other

Answer 13

facultative

Question 14

interactions in which one partner benefits with no apparent effect on the other

Answer 14

commensalisms

Question 15

set of all population found in a given place

Answer 15

community

Question 16

pivotal populations that affect other members of the community in ways that are disproportionate to their abundance or biomass

Answer 16

keystone species

Question 17

a severe physical impact on a habitat that has density-independent effects on a population of interacting species

Answer 17

disturbances

Question 18

species replacing each other in time

Answer 18

succession

Question 19

a mature assembly, a final stage in succession, in which there is little further change in species composition.

Answer 19

climax community

Question 20

flow of energy and matter between organisms

Answer 20

ecosystem

Question 21

the interaction/movement of carbon through organisms in an ecosystem

Answer 21

food web

Question 22

a diagram that traces the flow of energy through communities showing the amount of energy available at each level to feed the next

Answer 22

trophic pyramid

Question 23

organisms that take up inorganic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other compounds from the environment and convert them biochemically into proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and more.

Answer 23

primary producers

Question 24

heterotrophic organisms of all kinds; depend on primary production, directly consuming primary producers or consuming those that do

Answer 24

consumers

Question 25

the idea that primary production is limited by the nutrient that is least available relative to its use by primary producters

Answer 25

Liebig’s Law of the Minimum

Question 26

the distinctive and stable assemblage of species found over a broad region of Earth

Answer 26

biomes

Question 27

the amount of water evaporate from the Earth’s surface divided by the amount of water transpired by leaves of plants

Answer 27

evapotranspiration ratio

Question 28

the increase in species diversity from the poles to the equator

Answer 28

latitudinal diversity gradient