Chapter 47 Flashcards
Multidimensional habitat that allows a species to practice its way of life. Determined by abiotic and biotic factors.
Niche
A pattern in which species whos niches overlap may diverge to minimize the overlap
Resource partitioning
The full range of climate conditions and food resources that permit the individuals in a species to live
fundamental niche
The actual range if habitats occupied by a species
realized niche
Competition with other species
interspecific competition
Competition within species
intraspecific competition
Close interactions between species that have evolved over long periods of time
symbioses
Mutually beneficial interactions
mutualisms
One sided interactions in which at least one participant loses more than it gains
(Ex. Predation, Parasitism, and Herbivory)
antagonisms
Interactions in which the use of a mutually needed resource by one individual or group of individuals lowers the availability of the resource for another individual or group
competition
result of an antagonistic interaction in which one species is prevented from occupying a particular habitat or niche.
competition exclusion
when one or both sides of a mutualism cannot survive without the other
obligate
one or both participants can survive without the other
facultative
interactions in which one partner benefits with no apparent effect on the other
commensalisms
set of all population found in a given place
community
pivotal populations that affect other members of the community in ways that are disproportionate to their abundance or biomass
keystone species
a severe physical impact on a habitat that has density-independent effects on a population of interacting species
disturbances
species replacing each other in time
succession
a mature assembly, a final stage in succession, in which there is little further change in species composition.
climax community
flow of energy and matter between organisms
ecosystem
the interaction/movement of carbon through organisms in an ecosystem
food web
a diagram that traces the flow of energy through communities showing the amount of energy available at each level to feed the next
trophic pyramid
organisms that take up inorganic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other compounds from the environment and convert them biochemically into proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and more.
primary producers
heterotrophic organisms of all kinds; depend on primary production, directly consuming primary producers or consuming those that do
consumers
the idea that primary production is limited by the nutrient that is least available relative to its use by primary producters
Liebig’s Law of the Minimum
the distinctive and stable assemblage of species found over a broad region of Earth
biomes
the amount of water evaporate from the Earth’s surface divided by the amount of water transpired by leaves of plants
evapotranspiration ratio
the increase in species diversity from the poles to the equator
latitudinal diversity gradient
