Chapter 46 Urinary Elimination Flashcards
What do the kidneys do?
filter waste products
What do the ureters do?
transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
What does the bladder do?
hold the urine
What does the urethra do?
transport urine from the bladder out
How much urine can the bladder hold?
400 mL to 600 mL
What bacteria causes UTIs?
E Coli
What are the three types of urinary catheters?
- straight catheter (single-lumen catheter)
- indwelling retention catheter (double-lumen catheter)
- triple-lumen catheter
What is the third lumen for in some urinary catheters?
there is a third lumen used for instilling meds or sterile water
What is the usual urinary output?
80 mL/hr
What are the values of a urinalysis?
specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030
pH: 4.6 to 8.0
proteins: 8 mg/mL
RBCs: up to 2
glucose, ketones, bacteria, WBCs, casts, crystals: None
Bacteriuria
bacteria present in urine
Hematuria
presence of blood in urine
Nocturia
awakened from sleep because of the urge to void
Oliguria
diminished urinary output
Pyelonephritis
serious upper UTI infection
Polyuria
voiding excessive amounts of urine
Dysuria
pain/discomfort when voiding
Bacteremia (urosepsis)
life threatening blood infection
Transient Incontinence
caused by medical conditions (many cases are treatable/reversible
Functional Incontinence
loss of continence because outside the urinary tract; related to functional deficits such as altered mobility and manual dexterity, cognitive impairment, poor motivation, or environmental barriers; and direct result of caregivers not responding in a timely manner to requests with help toileting
Urinary Incontinence Associated with Chronic Retention of Urine
involuntary loss of urine caused by an overdistended bladder often related to bladder outlet obstruction or poor bladder emptying because of weak/absent bladder contractions
Stress Urinary Incontinence
involuntary leakage of small volumes of urine; result of weakness or injury to the urinary sphincter; underlying result: urethra cannot stay closed as pressure increases in the bladder because of increased abdominal pressure
Urge or Urgency Urinary Incontinence
involuntary passage of urine often associated with strong sense of urgency related to an overactive bladder; overactive bladder (idiopathic); involuntary contractions of bladder
Reflex Urinary Incontinence
involuntary loss of urine occurring at somewhat predictable intervals when patient reaches specific bladder volume related to spinal cord damage between C1 and S2
