Chapter 46 Urinary Elimination

Question 1

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 1

filter waste products

Question 2

What do the ureters do?

Answer 2

transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 3

What does the bladder do?

Answer 3

hold the urine

Question 4

What does the urethra do?

Answer 4

transport urine from the bladder out

Question 5

How much urine can the bladder hold?

Answer 5

400 mL to 600 mL

Question 6

What bacteria causes UTIs?

Answer 6

E Coli

Question 7

What are the three types of urinary catheters?

Answer 7

1. straight catheter (single-lumen catheter)
2. indwelling retention catheter (double-lumen catheter)
3. triple-lumen catheter

Question 8

What is the third lumen for in some urinary catheters?

Answer 8

there is a third lumen used for instilling meds or sterile water

Question 9

What is the usual urinary output?

Answer 9

80 mL/hr

Question 10

What are the values of a urinalysis?

Answer 10

specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030
pH: 4.6 to 8.0
proteins: 8 mg/mL
RBCs: up to 2
glucose, ketones, bacteria, WBCs, casts, crystals: None

Question 11

Bacteriuria

Answer 11

bacteria present in urine

Question 12

Hematuria

Answer 12

presence of blood in urine

Question 13

Nocturia

Answer 13

awakened from sleep because of the urge to void

Question 14

Oliguria

Answer 14

diminished urinary output

Question 15

Pyelonephritis

Answer 15

serious upper UTI infection

Question 16

Polyuria

Answer 16

voiding excessive amounts of urine

Question 17

Dysuria

Answer 17

pain/discomfort when voiding

Question 18

Bacteremia (urosepsis)

Answer 18

life threatening blood infection

Question 19

Transient Incontinence

Answer 19

caused by medical conditions (many cases are treatable/reversible

Question 20

Functional Incontinence

Answer 20

loss of continence because outside the urinary tract; related to functional deficits such as altered mobility and manual dexterity, cognitive impairment, poor motivation, or environmental barriers; and direct result of caregivers not responding in a timely manner to requests with help toileting

Question 21

Urinary Incontinence Associated with Chronic Retention of Urine

Answer 21

involuntary loss of urine caused by an overdistended bladder often related to bladder outlet obstruction or poor bladder emptying because of weak/absent bladder contractions

Question 22

Stress Urinary Incontinence

Answer 22

involuntary leakage of small volumes of urine; result of weakness or injury to the urinary sphincter; underlying result: urethra cannot stay closed as pressure increases in the bladder because of increased abdominal pressure

Question 23

Urge or Urgency Urinary Incontinence

Answer 23

involuntary passage of urine often associated with strong sense of urgency related to an overactive bladder; overactive bladder (idiopathic); involuntary contractions of bladder

Question 24

Reflex Urinary Incontinence

Answer 24

involuntary loss of urine occurring at somewhat predictable intervals when patient reaches specific bladder volume related to spinal cord damage between C1 and S2