Chapter 42 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

What are the four characteristics of body fluids?

Answer 1

1 volume
2 osmolarity
3 electrolyte concentration
4 pH

Question 2

Intravascular Plasma

Answer 2

liquid of blood (3 L)

Question 3

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 3

between cells, outside of vessels (11L)
(CSF, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, and peritoneal fluid)

Question 4

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 4

in the cell (28 L)

Question 5

What does the Hypothalamus control?

Answer 5

thirst and temperature

Question 6

What does excessive vomiting and diarrhea cause?

Answer 6

clinical dehydration = ECV deficit + hypernatremia

Question 7

What are the three parts of acid-base balance?

Answer 7

1. Acid Production: cell metabolism
2. Acid Buffering: keep blood pH stable
3. Acid Excretion: lungs (carbonic acid) & kidneys (metabolic acid)

Question 8

What few things cause abnormal electrolyte loss?

Answer 8

vomiting, drainage, and diarrhea

Question 9

Abnormal Potassium Levels

Answer 9

Hyperkalemia: high K in the blood
Hypokalemia: low K in the blood

Question 10

Abnormal Calcium Levels

Answer 10

Hypercalcemia: high Ca in the blood
Hypocalcemia: low Ca in the blood

Question 11

Abnormal Magnesium Levels

Answer 11

Hypermagnesemia: high Mg levels in blood
Hypomagnesemia: low Mg levels in blood

Question 12

How do magnesium and calcium levels affect muscle excitability?

Answer 12

low levels cause increased muscle excitability
high levels cause decreased muscle excitability

Question 13

What is the normal blood pH?

Answer 13

7.35 to 7.45

Question 14

What is an ABG and what does it test?

Answer 14

Arterial Blood Gas
Tests levels of: CO2, O2, pH, HCO3, and base excess (whole number)

Question 15

What is the main player of pH?

Answer 15

hydrogen ions

Question 16

What causes respiratory acidosis? Respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 16

acidosis: lungs do not excrete the amount of carbonic acid that they should
alkalosis: lungs are excreting too much carbonic acid

Question 17

What causes metabolic acidosis? Metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 17

acidosis: kidneys do not excrete metabolic acid as well as they should
alkalosis: kidneys excrete too much metabolic acid

Question 18

How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis? Respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 18

Acidosis: kidneys excrete metabolic acid (slow)
Alkalosis: kidneys hold onto metabolic acid

Question 19

What is classified as acidosis? Alkalosis?

Answer 19

Acidosis: less than 7.35
Alkalosis: greater than 7.45

Question 20

How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis? Metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 20

Acidosis: lungs secrete carbonic acid (increased rr) (quicker)
Alkalosis: lungs hold onto carbonic acid (decreased rr)

Question 21

Sodium serum lab value

Answer 21

136 to 145

Question 22

Potassium serum lab value

Answer 22

3.5 to 5.0

Question 23

Chloride serum lab value

Answer 23

98 to 106

Question 24

HCO3 serum lab value

Answer 24

21 to 28

Question 25

Calcium serum lab value

Answer 25

9.0 to 10.5

Question 26

Magnesium serum lab value

Answer 26

1.3 to 2.1