Chapter 44 Mobility

Question 0

Extension

Answer 0

Increasing the angle of the joint (straightening arm)

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Decreasing angle of joint (bending elbow)

Question 2

Hyperextension

Answer 2

Further extension of joint (bending head back)

Question 3

Abduction

Answer 3

Movement of bone away from the midline of body

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

Movement of bone towards the midline of the body

Question 5

Rotation

Answer 5

Movement of bone around its central axis

Question 6

Circumduction

Answer 6

Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

Question 7

Eversion

Answer 7

Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint

Question 8

Inversion

Answer 8

Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint

Question 9

Pronation

Answer 9

Palm faces down

Question 10

Supination

Answer 10

Palm faces up

Question 11

Proper body alignment

Answer 11

Shoulders and hips are level

Toes point forward

Spine is straight and not curved

Center of gravity is close to its base of support

Question 12

Body mechanics

Answer 12

Coordinated body movements

Smooth, balanced purposeful

Pulling vs pushing and using helpful tools

Question 13

Cardiovascular system

Answer 13

⬆️ Cardiac workload
⬆️ Pulse rate
⬆️Orthostatic hypotension
⬆️Venous thrombosis/Deep Venous Thrombosis
⬆️ Increased Valsalva Maneuver (holding breath when moving up or using bed pan) - builds pressure on large veins in thorax then when air is released a surge of blood goes to heart

Question 14

Respiratory system

Answer 14

⬇️ Ventilation effort 
⬆️ respiratory secretions 
⬆️Hypostatic pneumonia from laying flat
⬇️ depth and rate of respiration
⬆️Atelectasis - collapsed lung or lobe

Question 15

Musculoskeletal system

Answer 15

⬇️ muscle size, tone, strength
⬇️ joint mobility and flexibility
⬆️Contractures muscles freeze or shorten
⬆️Foot drop -joint deformities
⬆️Disuse atrophy
⬆️Bone demineralization leads to disuse osteoporosis
Limited endurance

Question 16

Metabolic system

Answer 16

⬇️ metabolic rate due to less calories
Altered metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
GI disturbances

Question 17

Gastrointestinal system

Answer 17

Changes in appetite
Changes in protein metabolism 
Poor digestion 
Poor utilization of food
Constipation 
Negative nitrogen balance and calcium balance

Question 18

Urinary system

Answer 18

⬆️ risk of UTI
⬆️ renal calculi
⬇️ bladder tone
Hypercalcemia
Urinary retention - accumulation of urine
Urinary statsis - stoppage or slowdown of urine

Question 19

Integumentary system

Answer 19

⬆️ risk of pressure ulcers

Question 20

Pyschoneurologic outlook

Answer 20

⬇️ self concepts and body image
Can lead to fee listing or worthlessness, isolation, issues with coping
Interference with sleep wake cycle

Question 21

Needs for restraints

Answer 21

1. To avoid and/or prevent purposeful or accidental harm to the client.
2. To do what is required to provide medically necessary treatment that could not be provided through any other means.
3. Prevent from harming others.

Question 22

Dangers for restraints

Answer 22

Suffocation
Impaired circulation
Altered skin integrity 
Pressure ulcers
Depressed muscle and bone mass
Fractures
Altered nutrition and hydration 
Aspiration 
Incontinence 
Pneumonia

Question 23

Client mobility needs to nursing process

Answer 23

Assessment: general ease of movement, gait and posture, alignment, joint structure and function, muscle mass tone and strength, endurance