Chapter 4.4 Acid - Base Reactions Flashcards
acid - base reaction (neutralization reaction)
occurs when an acid reacts with a base
what is an acid?
a substance that produces of H+ ions hen dissolved in water
what is a base?
a substance that produces OH^- ions when dissolved in water
How much do Strong Acids and Bases dissociate in water
Completely dissociate into ions in water
How much do Weak Acids and Bases dissociate in water
dissociate very little into ions (most molecules remain intact)
List of Strong Acids (6)
- Hydrochloric acid, HCl
- Hydrobromic acid, HBr
- Hydroiodic acid, HI
- Nitric acid, HNO3
- Sulfuric acid, H2SO4
- Perchloric acid, HClO4
List of Weak Acids (3)
- Hydrofluoric acid, HF
- Phosphoric acid, H3PO4
- Acetic acid CH3COOH
List of Strong Bases (8)
Group 1A Hydroxides:
- Lithium Hydroxide, LiOH
- Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH
- Potassium Hydroxide, KOH
- Rubidium Hydroxide, RbOH
- Cesium Hydroxide, CsOH
Heavy Group 2A hydroxides:
- Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
- Strontium Hydroxide, Sr(OH)2
- Barium Hydroxide, Ba(OH)2
List of Weak Bases (1)
- Ammonia, NH3
Structural features of Acids
strong acids and weak acids have one or more H atoms as a part of their structure, which are either completely released (strong acids) or partially released (weak) as protons in water
Structural features of Bases
strong bases have either (OH-) or O^2- as a part of their structure
weak bases DO NOT have (OH-) ions, but all have an electron pair on N
All Acids (in this deck) end in
-ic acid
All Bases (in this deck) end in
hydroxide
Salt
the ionic compound that results from the reaction of an acid and a base
Equivalence point
when the amount of H+ ions in the original volume of acid has reacted wit the same amount of OH- ions from the buret
