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Comprehensive Exam #2 > Chapter 44 > Flashcards

Chapter 44 Flashcards

0
Q

After the baby takes its first breath, the _____ closes and shunts blood to the lungs

A

Ductus ovale

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1
Q

After birth, fetal circulation changes and the ____ turn into a fibrous cord that serves as a ligament

A

Ductus venosus

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2
Q

Newborns are very sensitive to hypoxia, and if they experience hypoxia or severe acidosis, a serious condition called _____ may occur

A

Persistent fetal circulation

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3
Q

When apnea occurs in infants that were born full term, where no cause for the apnea can be determined, this condition is called

A

Apnea of infancy

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4
Q

When evaluating an infant with frequent and severe apnea, the medic will find the parents utilize a sleep apnea monitor and the infant is given the drug _____ which stimulates the respiratory centers

A

Caffeine

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5
Q

The most common cause of Down syndrome occurs when the baby is born with ___ rather than two copies of chromosome 21

A

Three

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6
Q

The medic can recognize a newborn that is born with Down syndrome by what following characteristic

A

Flat facial profile with a small nose and depressed nasal bridge

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7
Q

Other distinguishing characteristics of Down syndrome include

A

An excessive space between the large and second toe

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8
Q

Medic can recognize a newborn that is born with the birth defect spina bifida because the infant will have

A

Exposed spinal structures

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9
Q

Of the following, which is an avoidable antepartum factor that can affect childbirth

A

No prenatal care

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10
Q

Of the following, which is a significant antepartum factor that classifies the newborn as “high risk”

A

Prolonged labor

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11
Q

____ accounts for 20% of infants deaths, more than from any other cause

A

Birth defects

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12
Q

____ is a factor associated with low birth weights

A

Multiple fetuses

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13
Q

A pregnant women who is using crack cocaine is creating which of the following risk factors

A

Infant feeding problems

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14
Q

When a baby is born without enough thyroid hormone, this condition can lead to

A

Poor growth and mental retardation

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15
Q

The newborn that is born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) can be distinguished by what characteristic

A

Low birth weight, small head, and small eye openings

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16
Q

Children born with FAS fetal alcohol syndrome may have abnormal facial features, growth problems, and ________

A

Central nervous system problems

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17
Q

Patient is 23yr F who is custody of police. She is in active labor and high on heroin. What complication can you expect with delivery

A

Decreased mental status of the newborn

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18
Q

How would you manage the birth of pregnant mom on heroin

A

Administer O2 assist ventilations and administer Narcan

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19
Q

During the delivery of twins the medic can tell if the babies are fraternal or identical because fraternal twins

A

Always have their own placenta

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20
Q

The initial step of postarrest stabilization for the neonate include

A

Keeping the baby warm and continuing O2 delivery

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21
Q

The out of hospital delivery puts the premature infant at an increased risk for problems associated with

A

Vomiting

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22
Q

The most common type of hernia associated with neonates is a ____ hernia

A

Umbilical

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23
Q

The common causes of neonatal seizures are hypoxia, fever, infection, and

A

Hypoglycemia

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24
Q

Any fever in neonates is serious and requires evaluation because of their

A

Immature thermoregulatory system

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25
Q

Jaundice occurs when a baby’s immature liver cannot dispose of excess

A

Bilirubin

26
Q

Approximately 60% of full term infants and 80% of premature infants develop jaundice in the first _____ of life

A

2-3 days

27
Q

The most common causes of vomiting in the neonate include infection, increased ICP and

A

Drug withdrawal

28
Q

Complications from vomiting in the neonate include aspiration, dehydration and

A

Electrolyte imbalance

29
Q

Diarrhea in neonates is difficult to assess because

A

All stools are loose

30
Q

Because the child’s stage of emotional development in the ___ age group, this is the most difficult to evaluate

A

Toddler

31
Q

In the ____ age group, feeling of guilt and fear of pain often dominate the thinking of these children

A

Preschool

32
Q

Children in the ____ age group are extremely concerned about modesty and are terrified of disfigurement and death

A

Adolescent

33
Q

Infants are obligate nose breathers until_____ months of age

A

6

34
Q

True or false

Infants do not have the ability to shiver to create body heat

A

True

35
Q

____ is the number 1 cause of death in children over 1 year old

A

Trauma

36
Q

True or false

Injuries to the head, face, and neck occur with more frequency in children than in adults

A

True

37
Q

The greatest incidence of SIDS occurs

A

During the winter months

38
Q

The most common triggers of asthma in children are

A

Viral infection

39
Q

Physical complaints associated with depression in children include

A

Headache and muscle ache

40
Q

What is an example of neglect of a child

A

Signs of malnourishment

41
Q

Shaken baby syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms associated with

A

Severe head trauma

42
Q

Evidence shows that most children with shaken baby syndrome are

A

Under 1 year old when trauma is inflicted

43
Q

Signs and symptoms of a stroke are _____ in a child as in an adult

A

The same

44
Q

Mononucleosis is mildly contagious, wear gloves and avoid contact with

A

Saliva or blood

45
Q

What condition requires isolation technique for PPE

A

Meningococcemia meningitis

46
Q

True or false

Febrile seizures typically have no lasting neurological effects

A

True

47
Q

5 yr m symptoms of upper respiratory infection, nausea, vomit, and confusion. Child’s meds are nebulized Albuterol over counter Bayer and aspirin for fevers as needed. You suspect child is

A

Presenting with Reye’s syndrome

48
Q

Management of patient presenting with Reye’s syndrome

A

IV fluids and seizure precautions

49
Q

What is the correct sequence of airway changes when asthma is triggered

A

Inflammation, excess mucus production, and bronchoconstriction

50
Q

5 yr difficulty breathing, has difficulty exhaling, the SpO2 is 94% with O2 decreased breath sounds bilaterally no wheezing. What do you suspect

A

Asthma attack

51
Q

____ is a condition precipitated by a viral or bacterial infection and is characterized by fever! tachypnea, rales, consolidation in one or more lobes and cough

A

Pneumonia

52
Q

The most prominent indicator of respiratory failure in children is

A

Decreased level of consciousness

53
Q

Besides cool or cold temps, hypothermia in children can be caused by

A

Prolonged infection

54
Q

Children who are diagnosed with a new onset of diabetes mellitus will usually present to the paramedic as being

A

Hyperglycemic

55
Q

Congenital heart defects are deformities of the structures of the heart that occur

A

While the fetus is developing in utero

56
Q

The primary problem associated with heart defects is that they

A

Disrupt normal blood flow

57
Q

A defect of the heart that is characterized by valves that are absent, too small, or don’t close completely

A

Stenosis

58
Q

Most common cardiac dysrhythmias seen in children are tachycardia, bradycardia, and

A

Asystole

59
Q

Child experiences what you suspect as febrile seizure. What is your treatment

A

Use gentle cooling measures

60
Q

Hydrocephalus is an excess accumulation of serous fluid within the cranium that is treated with surgical placement of an endoscopic third ventriculostomy or

A

A shunt that drains into the abdomen

61
Q

_____ is viral disease of the lungs and the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children

A

Respiratory syncytial virus RSV

62
Q

Cystic fibrosis affects the normal function of the epithelial cells that line passageways inside the lungs and

A

Digestive system

63
Q

Children with cystic fibrosis have higher incidents of respiratory infection because

A

There is inflammation in the lining of the lungs

Comprehensive Exam #2 (6 decks)

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