Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Comprehensive Exam #2 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

0
Q

A shift in the oxyhemoglobin sat curve indicates change in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. A _______ shift decreases it! whereas a _____ shift of the curve increases the binding of O2 to hemoglobin

A

Rightward; leftward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

______ refers specifically to the exchange of carbon dioxide, whereas ______ refers only to the exchange of oxygen

A

Ventilation; oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When a person develops a fever, the cells metabolic rate increases and so does

A

His oxygen need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following factors causes a shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve, decreased the tissue oxygen delivery

A

Decreased body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pCO2 is a respiratory

A

Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The pO2 measures oxygenation at sea level and should normally run greater than ____ mm Hg

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false

The only predictable and reproducible relation in blood gases is between the pH and the pCO2

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A patient who is hyperventilating because of heroin overdose is most likely experiencing which acid-base disorder

A

Respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the medic discovers his patient has _____ he should consider that the patient could have chronic respiratory or heart or GI disease and ask specific questions to point in the interview

A

Clubbing of the fingers or toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following is an example of a perfusion related factor that may impair gas exchange in the lungs

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A person with multiple sclerosis or muscular dystrophy may, because of her disease, experience respiratory abnormalities that affect ventilation by

A

Impairment of the wall movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The presence of grunting is usually a sign of respiratory distress that occurs primarily in infants and small toddlers when the child breaths

A

Out against a partially closed epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

School nurse called EMS to transport student cause parent can’t. Student is 16yr female who has sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and headache. She denies dyspnea and was recently treated for ear infection. What do you suspect is her problem

A

Pharyngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When obtaining focused history from patient with pulmonary disease, history of previous intubation is

A

A possible clue to a history of severe pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Typical findings associated with ____ include chest pain on affected side! increased respiratory rate! and a coughing

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in adult is

A

A congenital bleb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The respiratory pattern that is characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing is called

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The type of breathing characterized by a series of several short inspirations followed by long, irregular periods of apnea, and associated with increased intracranial pressure is called ___ breathing

A

Ataxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dispatched to nursing home for patient with severe respiratory distress. 78yr F with low SpO2. Physical exam finds distended neck veins, wet crackles in base of lungs, peripheral edema and as cites. RR 40, P 90 irregular, BP 176/98, cyanotic, warm, dry, based on findings what’s the patients problem

A

Right sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Capnography measures ______, or how much carbon dioxide is exhaled

A

End-tidal CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____ are the most common asthma triggers

A

Respiratory infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exercise or fast breathing is a trigger for asthma attacks, especially during ____ weather

A

Cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

______ is a highly specific diagnosis consisting of high-permeability pulmonary edema, due to any of several causes, and the inability to adequately oxygenate the blood despite 100% FiO2

A

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

23
Q

_____ is a sever, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to standard medications

A

Status asthmaticus

24
Q

Death rates from asthma continue to soar despite all the current knowledge about asthma. Two factors that underlie the fatal trend include decreased airway sensitivity and

A

Inadequate use of anti-inflammatory medications

25
Q

___ results from overgrowth of the airway mucus glands and excess secretion of mucus that blocks the airway

A

Chronic bronchitis

26
Q

___results from destruction of the walls of the alveoli, which leads to a decrease in elastic recoil

A

Emphysema

27
Q

A young child is presenting with acute respiratory distress and audible wheezing. No history of asthma and takes no meds. What would you attempt to rule out first

A

FBAO

28
Q

Steroids are beneficial in the chronic treatment of nearly all asthma patients and many COPD patients because of the ____effects

A

Anti-inflammatory

29
Q

The inhaled steroids used in the first line of the treatment of asthma and COPD patients results in _____ side effects than the oral preparations

A

Fewer

30
Q

Some EMS systems administer steroids, because these drugs

A

Take at least 1or 2 hours to work

31
Q

_____ is one of the major inflammation causing compounds produced in asthma

A

Leukotrienes

32
Q

Magnesium sulfate has been shown to be of some benefit to some asthmatic patients, primarily because of its ______ effects

A

Smooth muscle relaxing

33
Q

The accumulation of carbon dioxide in blood is the major stimulus that normally causes

A

A healthy person to breathe

34
Q

Chronic alcoholics have increased risk of respiratory infections because of

A

Weakened immune systems caused by ethanol

35
Q

True of false

The clinical approach to viral or bacterial pneumonia is the same

A

True

36
Q

Patient has mild fever, runny nose and having difficulty sleeping at night due to cough fits. Her lungs clear, RR 20 non labored, pulse 78/regular, BP 128/68, and SpO2 98% what do you expect is causing symptoms

A

Pertussis

37
Q

Influenza is a specific type of _____ infection that may affect both the upper &lower respiratory tracts

A

Viral

38
Q

Some URI’s cause bronchoconstriction

A

True

39
Q

A patient who presents with URI and has had his _____ removed is at great risk for a life threatening illness

A

Spleen

40
Q

The most common cause of primary lung tumor is

A

Cigarette smoking

41
Q

Patients with massive pulmonary emboli often suffer a syncopal spell or _____ as the first symptom of the illness

A

Cardiac arrest

42
Q

What should the primary concern for the medic when treating a patient who may have pneumonia

A

Exposure to a contagious patient

43
Q

Persons with acute pulmonary edema caused by _____ have severe congestive heart failure, but not all patients with severe CHF have pulmonary edema

A

Cardiac ischemia

44
Q

The primary difference between pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure is

A

CHF is a spectrum of conditions associated with decreases in cardiac function

45
Q

Patients with CHF or pulmonary edema may have orthopnea because

A

The recumbent position increased venous return to the heart

46
Q

The role of nitro in the treatment of patients with acute pulmonary edema is

A

Vasodilation of both veins and arteries

47
Q

Patient with cystic fibrosis called for transport to er for exacerbation of a respiratory infection. Has difficulty breathing green productive cough and fatigued. Lung sounds diminished and SpO2 90% what treatment will most likely be helpful

A

Nebulized Ventolin

48
Q

ACE inhibitors have been used to treat hypertension and CHF for years. The way they work is by blocking

A

The conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 in the lungs

49
Q

The role of simple positive pressure in the treatment of patients with respiratory distress is to

A

Increase intrathoracic pressure

50
Q

The use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of a women developing a pulmonary embolism because they

A

Affect levels of natural anticoagulants in the blood

51
Q

The pathology of a pulmonary embolism includes the emboli becoming lodged in

A

Pulmonary arterial circulation

52
Q

What has more significance in the differential diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism than others

A

The presence or absence of pleuritic chest pain

53
Q

The most common physical finding associated with pulmonary embolism includes tachypnea and

A

Tachycardia

54
Q

Which of the following profiles is most often associated with spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Young, tall, male smoker

55
Q

The pathology of hyperventilation results in _____ levels of carbon dioxide and _____ the pH

A

Low; increases

56
Q

What is a major risk in caring for a patient presenting with hyperventilation

A

Assuming that the patient is experiencing a simple anxiety attack

Comprehensive Exam #2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions