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MD 135 > Chapter 43 > Flashcards

Chapter 43 Flashcards

1
Q

Is a branch of medicine specializing in the anatomy, function, and disease of the eye.

A

Ophthalmology

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2
Q

Is a chronic inflammation of the eye-lid’s edges, more common in older individuals than in younger people.

A

Blepharitis

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3
Q

What is the cause of blepharitis?

A

It can be caused by infection or by the same skin condition

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4
Q

Is a drooping of the upper eyelid in which the lid partially or completely covers the eye.

A

Ptosis

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5
Q

What is the cause of ptosis?

A

It is caused by weakness of or damage to the muscle that raises the eyelid or by problem with the nerve muscles.

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6
Q

Is the result of an eyelash follicle infection. ( most often responsible for the infection Staphylococcus aureus)

A

Sty aka external hordeolum

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7
Q

is an inflammation of the conjunctiva cause by allergy, irritant, or infection.

A

Conjunctivitis or Pinkeye

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8
Q

Conjunctivitis occur when a person is allergic to _____

A

pollen, makeup, or another substances

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9
Q

Infectious conjunctivitis can be caused by either _________

A

bacterial or a viral infection

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10
Q

Ulcer on the cornea may be the result of ___

A

injury, infection, or both.

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11
Q

An injury such as an abrasion (scratch) on the cornea can become

A

infected with bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

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12
Q

Are cloudy or opaque areas in the normally clear lens of the eye. Is more common in older adults than younger people because the lens deteriorates with aging.

A

Cataracts

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13
Q

Is a condition in which fluid pressure build up inside the eye

A

Glaucoma

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14
Q

Is the second leading causes of blindless in the USA and the first cause among African Americans.

A

Glaucoma

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15
Q

A type of surgery procedure in which a small hole is created in the iris to allow excess fluid to drain. (Glaucoma)

A

Iridotomy

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16
Q

Is inflammation of the uveal tract which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

A

Uveitis

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17
Q

The most common type of uveitis is known as

A

anterior uveitis

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18
Q

The symptoms of uveitis are ________ in one or both eyes and may be worsen in bright light.

A

pain or discomfort

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19
Q

Left untreated uveitis can lead to other complications such as ________

A

Glaucoma and cataracts

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20
Q

Occurs when retina separates from the underlying choroid layer the middle, vascular layer of the eye. When this separation occurs, vision is damaged

A

Retinal Detachment

21
Q

Condition under control experience damage to small blood vessels that supply retinal. and also is a complication of diabetes.

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

22
Q

Is the area of the retina responsible for the central area of a persons visual field. Causes loss of vision in the center of an image peripheral vision remains intact.

A

Macular degeneration

23
Q

A condition called amblyopia may occur as the misaligned eyes become ______

A

Lazy

24
Q

Refers to the way light from objects is focused through the eye to form an image on the retina

A

Refraction

25
Q

What is the most common refractive disorders are ?

A

nearsightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism

26
Q

Is the condition in which image of distant object come into focus in front of the retina and are blurred

A

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

27
Q

Myopia is corrected with

A

Concave lenses

28
Q

Faraway object are usually seen clearly but nearby objects are unclear

A

Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

29
Q

Hyperopia is mild, young eyes can compensate for the problem by a process known as _______

A

Accommodation

30
Q

Hyperopia is corrected with

A

convex lenses

31
Q

Is a condition that most commonly affects people starting in their mids 40-s.

A

Presbyopia

32
Q

Sometimes vision is distorted because the cornea is unevenly curved or the lens has an abnormal shape this condition is called

A

Astigmatism

33
Q

Is the inability to see well at night or in low or poor light

A

Nyctalopia or night blindness

34
Q

Instrument with a light to view inner eye structure

A

Ophthalmoscope

35
Q

The ophthalmologist also routinely test for glaucoma with the aid

A

tonometer

36
Q

What is the purpose of the tonometer?

A

measures intraocular pressure,

37
Q

This instrument consists of a magnifying lens combined with a light source. It is used to examine eye’s anterior structure including the eyelids, iris, lens, and cornea

A

slit lamp

38
Q

The eye exam also may include a ______ to verify the need for corrective lenses

A

refraction examination

39
Q

What happen when errors of refraction exist or image are focused incorrectly?

A

cause conditions such as farsightedness and nearsightedness

40
Q

During a refraction examination which instrument is used to perform

A

retinoscope or a phoropter

41
Q

What is the purpose of a screening test?

A

is used to detect a number of common visual problems, including hyperopia, presbyopia and myopia

42
Q

Is the most common screening tool for distance vision.

A

Snellen Chart

43
Q

What is used to test for near vision?

A

A jaeger chart is most common

44
Q

Is commonly tested using a system of colored dots

A

Color vision

45
Q

The two most frequently used testing system and contain letters, numbers, or symbols made up of colored dots.

A

Ishihara Color and the Richmond pseudoisochromatic color test.

46
Q

To test the ability to distinguish shades of gray is

A

Contrast Sensitivity

47
Q

The Evans Letter Contrast Test (ELCT) and CSV-1000E can detect

A

cataracts or problem in the retina

48
Q

Flush irrigation should be done whenever possible wit a

A

sterile solution

MD 135 (7 decks)

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