Chapter 43 Flashcards
Is a branch of medicine specializing in the anatomy, function, and disease of the eye.
Ophthalmology
Is a chronic inflammation of the eye-lid’s edges, more common in older individuals than in younger people.
Blepharitis
What is the cause of blepharitis?
It can be caused by infection or by the same skin condition
Is a drooping of the upper eyelid in which the lid partially or completely covers the eye.
Ptosis
What is the cause of ptosis?
It is caused by weakness of or damage to the muscle that raises the eyelid or by problem with the nerve muscles.
Is the result of an eyelash follicle infection. ( most often responsible for the infection Staphylococcus aureus)
Sty aka external hordeolum
is an inflammation of the conjunctiva cause by allergy, irritant, or infection.
Conjunctivitis or Pinkeye
Conjunctivitis occur when a person is allergic to _____
pollen, makeup, or another substances
Infectious conjunctivitis can be caused by either _________
bacterial or a viral infection
Ulcer on the cornea may be the result of ___
injury, infection, or both.
An injury such as an abrasion (scratch) on the cornea can become
infected with bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Are cloudy or opaque areas in the normally clear lens of the eye. Is more common in older adults than younger people because the lens deteriorates with aging.
Cataracts
Is a condition in which fluid pressure build up inside the eye
Glaucoma
Is the second leading causes of blindless in the USA and the first cause among African Americans.
Glaucoma
A type of surgery procedure in which a small hole is created in the iris to allow excess fluid to drain. (Glaucoma)
Iridotomy
Is inflammation of the uveal tract which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid
Uveitis
The most common type of uveitis is known as
anterior uveitis
The symptoms of uveitis are ________ in one or both eyes and may be worsen in bright light.
pain or discomfort
Left untreated uveitis can lead to other complications such as ________
Glaucoma and cataracts
Occurs when retina separates from the underlying choroid layer the middle, vascular layer of the eye. When this separation occurs, vision is damaged
Retinal Detachment
Condition under control experience damage to small blood vessels that supply retinal. and also is a complication of diabetes.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Is the area of the retina responsible for the central area of a persons visual field. Causes loss of vision in the center of an image peripheral vision remains intact.
Macular degeneration
A condition called amblyopia may occur as the misaligned eyes become ______
Lazy
Refers to the way light from objects is focused through the eye to form an image on the retina
Refraction
What is the most common refractive disorders are ?
nearsightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism
Is the condition in which image of distant object come into focus in front of the retina and are blurred
Myopia (Nearsightedness)
Myopia is corrected with
Concave lenses
Faraway object are usually seen clearly but nearby objects are unclear
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
Hyperopia is mild, young eyes can compensate for the problem by a process known as _______
Accommodation
Hyperopia is corrected with
convex lenses
Is a condition that most commonly affects people starting in their mids 40-s.
Presbyopia
Sometimes vision is distorted because the cornea is unevenly curved or the lens has an abnormal shape this condition is called
Astigmatism
Is the inability to see well at night or in low or poor light
Nyctalopia or night blindness
Instrument with a light to view inner eye structure
Ophthalmoscope
The ophthalmologist also routinely test for glaucoma with the aid
tonometer
What is the purpose of the tonometer?
measures intraocular pressure,
This instrument consists of a magnifying lens combined with a light source. It is used to examine eye’s anterior structure including the eyelids, iris, lens, and cornea
slit lamp
The eye exam also may include a ______ to verify the need for corrective lenses
refraction examination
What happen when errors of refraction exist or image are focused incorrectly?
cause conditions such as farsightedness and nearsightedness
During a refraction examination which instrument is used to perform
retinoscope or a phoropter
What is the purpose of a screening test?
is used to detect a number of common visual problems, including hyperopia, presbyopia and myopia
Is the most common screening tool for distance vision.
Snellen Chart
What is used to test for near vision?
A jaeger chart is most common
Is commonly tested using a system of colored dots
Color vision
The two most frequently used testing system and contain letters, numbers, or symbols made up of colored dots.
Ishihara Color and the Richmond pseudoisochromatic color test.
To test the ability to distinguish shades of gray is
Contrast Sensitivity
The Evans Letter Contrast Test (ELCT) and CSV-1000E can detect
cataracts or problem in the retina
Flush irrigation should be done whenever possible wit a
sterile solution
