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Chemistry - ACIDS AND BASES > Chapter 4.2 - Strength of Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Chapter 4.2 - Strength of Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a concentrated Acid or Base?

A

A concentrated Acid or Base contains more moles of solute per litre than a dilute acid or base.

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2
Q

Strong Acid Vs. Weak Acid

A

In the context of acids and bases, the terms ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ refer to the relative tendency to accept or donate protons.

  • Strong acids donate a proton more readily
  • Strong base accepts a proton more readily than a weak base.
  • WEAK acids donate a proton LESS readily
  • WEAK base accepts a proton LESS readily than a weak base.
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3
Q

Acid and bases in relation to their conjugate acids and bases.

A

A STRONG ACID, the WEAKER THE CONJUGATE BASE

STRONG BASE, the WEAKER THE CONJUGATE ACID

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4
Q

The arrow signs for acids and bases

A

STRONG ACID AND BASES PRODUCE FORWARD REACTIONS WITH
- ONE ARROW

WEAK ACIDS AND BASES PRODUCE REVERSIBLE REACTIONS

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5
Q

What are examples of strong bases?

A 
1. Sodium hydroxide 
NaOH
2. Potassium Hydroxide 
KOH
3. Calcium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
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6
Q

What are examples of weak bases?

A

Ammonia

NH3

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7
Q

What are examples of Strong acids?

A 
1. Hydrochloric acid 
HCl
2. Sulfuric Acid 
H2SO4
3. Nitric Acid 
HNO3
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8
Q

What are examples of Weak acids?

A 
1. Ethanoic Acid
CH3COOH
2. Carbonic Acid 
H2CO3
3. Phosphoric Acid 
H3PO4
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9
Q

Strength vs Concentration

A

Strength: The strength of an acid or base refers to how much of the acid or base ions are released in a solution.

Concentration: Concentration refers to the number of moles per volume are contained within the solution. It also applies to how much of the acid or base is contained within the solution.

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10
Q

What determines the strength of an acid?

A

The value of the equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid in an aqueous solution (Ka) indicates the strength of an acid.

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11
Q

What is the acidity constant?

A

Ka is the symbol given to the equilibrium constant for hydrolysis reaction in an acid.

This equilibrium constant is called acidity constant.

the further is moves away from 1 = equilbrium not managed well
closer to 1 = equilibrium

further away from one = weak
closer to one = strong
- negative favors reactants
- positive favors the products

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12
Q

What is the Ka equation?

A

Ka = [products ] x [products ] / [ reactants]

  • solids and liquids are not included because concentration is virtually constant

the square brackets mean - molar concentration

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Chemistry - ACIDS AND BASES (4 decks)

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