Chapter 4.1 - Introducing Acids and Bases Flashcards
What are ACIDS?
According to the Bronstead-Lowry Theory, An Acid is a substance capable of donating a Hydrogen ion/Proton
What is Acidity?
The concentration of H3O+ ions in an aqueous solution.
- Measured on a pH scale.
What is a BASE?
According to Bronstead-Lowry theory, a substance capable of accepting a proton/Hydrogen ion.
Hydrochloric Acid
Formula
Uses
HCl
- Stomach acid to help breakdown proteins
- cleaning agent for brickwork
Sulfuric Acid
Formula
Uses
H2SO4
- chemical manufactured for Car batteries, fertilizers, detergents.
Nitric Acid
Formula
Uses
HNO3
- fertilizers, dyes, and explosives
ETHANOIC/ ACETIC ACID
Formula
Uses
CH3COOH
- vinegar, used as a preservative
Carbonic Acid
Formula
Uses
H2CO3
-soft drinks and beer
Phosphoric Acid
Formula
Uses
H3PO4
- soft drinks and manufacture of fertilizers
Citric Acid
Formula
Uses
C6H8O6
- found in citrus fruits
Ascorbic Acid
Formula
Uses
C6H8O6
- citrus fruits (VITAMIN C)
What is an ALKALI?
A soluble base
- base definition also
What is a solution?
A homogenous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
Sodium hydroxide (Caustic Soda)
Formula
Uses
NaOH
Used in drain and oven cleaners,
Soap making
Ammonia
Formula
Uses
NH3
Used in Household cleaners, fertilizers and explosives
Calcium Hydroxide
Formula
Uses
Ca(OH)2
Found in Cement and mortar
Used in garden lime to adjust soil pH
Magnesium Hydroxide
Formula
Uses
Mg(OH)2
Ingredient In ANTACID, EG MILK OF MAGNESIA to overcome indigestion
Sodium Carbonate
Formula
Uses
Na2CO3
manufacture washing powder and glass
What are some common properties of all ACIDS? (6)
- Turns litmus paper red
- Tend to be CORROSIVE
- SOUR TASTE
- REACTS with BASES: neutralization may occur
- Solutions have relatively low pH
- Solutions CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT
What are some common properties for all BASES?
- Turns Litmus paper blue
- are Caustic and FEEL Slippery
- Tastes Bitter
- Reacts with Acids
- Solutions have relatively high pH
- Solutions conduct an electric current
Why do bases feel slippery?
Bases feel slippery/soapy.
This is because they dissolve the fatty acids and oils from your skin and this cuts down on the friction between your fingers as you rub them together.
Good for cleaning products because they react with fats and oils to produce water-soluble soaps
Explain the Bronsted-Lowry theory
This theory explains that a substance behaves as an ACID WHEN IT DONATES PROTON (H+) to a base.
A substance behaves like a BASE when it ACCEPTS A PROTON from an Acid.
What is an Acid-Base reaction?
An acid-base reaction involves an exchange of protons from an acid to a base.
eg. HCl(g) + H2O(l) –> H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Explain the acid-base reaction.
eg. HCl(g) + H2O(l) –> H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
ACID? BASE? REACTION EQUATIONS
- In an Aqueous solution of Hydrogen chloride, nearly all the hydrogen chloride is present as ions – virtually no molecules of hydrogen chloride remain.
- - This solution is known as Hydrochloric acid. - The HCl molecule has donated a proton to the water molecule, forming the HYDRONIUM ION (H3O+ (aq))
- HCl has acted as the Acid
- Water is the base then, - The hydronium ion can be represented as either H3O+ (aq) or H+ (aq).
Therefore can be represented as either a Hydrolysis reaction
HCl(g) + H2O (L) —> H3O+ (aq) + Cl - (aq)
or a DISSOCIATION REACTION.
HCL (g) —> H+ (aq) Cl- (aq)