Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Risk for fluid volume imbalance

Answer 1

-Loss of blood and fluids during a major surgical procedure
-Infectious process
-Burns
-Poor oral intake
-Vomiting and diarrhea
-Renal failure
-Heart failure

Question 2

Impaired Fluid Intake:
-Isotonic fluid deficit
-Hypertonic fluid deficit

Answer 2

-Dry mucous membranes
-Weight loss of greater than 2.2 lb (1 kg) in 24 hours
-Thirst
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Prolonged capillary refill
-History of vomiting
-Output greater than input

Question 3

Fluid volume excess:
-Isotonic fluid excess
-Hypotonic fluid excess

Answer 3

-Dependent edema
-Weight gain of greater than 2.2 lb (1 kg) in 24 hours
-Jugular venous distension
-Crackles in lungs
-Dyspnea
-Intake greater than output

Question 4

Expected outcome for Risk for fluid volume imbalance

Answer 4

The patient will achieve fluid balance as evidenced by daily weight stability and urine output greater than 30 mL/hour.

Question 4

these states can decrease cardio output for the patient

Answer 4

Impaired Fluid Intake and fluid volume excess

Question 5

Expected outcome for Impaired Fluid Intake

Answer 5

The patient will achieve fluid balance as evidenced by daily weight stability, urine output greater than 30 mL/hour, and systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg

Question 6

Expected outcome for Fluid volume excess

Answer 6

The patient will achieve fluid balance as evidenced by resolution of edema, daily weight stability, resolved dyspnea, and output equal to intake