Chapter 42: Acid-Base Regulation

Question 1

Acid-base imbalances are associated with many conditions including

Answer 1

asthma, diabetes, and sepsis. Trauma and situations such as salicylate overdose, pain, laxative abuse, and dehydration can also cause acid-base imbalances

Question 2

nurse uses the serum pH to quickly determine

Answer 2

whether there is acidosis or alkalosis

Question 3

related to respiratory acid-base imbalances would be characterized by changes in

Answer 3

pH and PaCO2

Question 4

Impaired gas exchange

Answer 4

-Decreased pH with increased PaCO2 and normal HCO3
-Respiratory acidosis

Question 5

Hyperventilation

Answer 5

-Increased pH with decreased PaCO2 and normal HCO3
-Respiratory alkalosis

Question 6

related to metabolic acid-base imbalances would be characterized by changes in

Answer 6

pH and HCO3–

Question 7

excess acid production

Answer 7

-Decreased pH with normal PaCO2 and decreased HCO3– -Metabolic acidosis

Question 8

excess serum bicarbonate

Answer 8

-Increased pH with normal PaCO2 and increased HCO3– -Metabolic alkalosis

Question 9

respiratory acidosis

Answer 9

an abnormal condition characterized by a low plasma pH resulting from reduced alveolar ventilation. Respiratory acidosis can result from disorders such as airway obstruction, medullary trauma, neuromuscular disease, chest injury, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, emphysema, and cardiopulmonary arrest
-headache, dyspnea, fine tremors, tachycardia, hypertension, and vasodilation