Chapter 42 Egan's

Question 1

What can always provide an exact FiO2?

Answer 1

Nonrebreathing reservoir

Question 2

What system allows precise control over FiO2 and total output flow?

Answer 2

Blending system

Question 3

Protocol-based O2 therapy ensures…

Answer 3

1) Undergoes initial assessment
2) Evaluated for protocol criteria
3) Receives a treatment plan that is modified to needs
4) Stops receiving therapy as soon as is no longer needed

Question 4

O2 therapy is used for

Answer 4

correcting hypoxia, decreasing symptoms of chronic hypoxemia, decreasing cardiopulmonary workload

Question 5

When is high FiO2 acceptable?

Answer 5

If concentration can be decreased to .70 within 2 days and .50 in 5 days

Question 6

Fire triangle

Answer 6

O2, heat, fuel

Question 7

What does the iNO machine do?

Answer 7

Improves blood flow to ventilated alveoli, reduces intrapulmonary shunting, improves arterial oxygenation, decreases pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure

Question 8

What does back pressure decrease?

Answer 8

The volume of entrained air and the total output of air-entertainment devices

Question 9

3 Ps

Answer 9

purpose, patient, performance of device

Question 10

Air-entrainment nebulizers are also known as what?

Answer 10

jet nebulizers or large volume nebulizer

Question 11

Venturi mask

Answer 11

AEM

Question 12

Simple mask

Answer 12

5-10L/min

Question 13

What is the body humidity

Answer 13

37 degrees Celsius, 47mm Hg partial pressure, 100% saturation

Question 14

What is the purpose of a baffle in a large volume nebulizer?

Answer 14

Stabilize particle size

Question 15

What controls the particle size generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer?

Answer 15

Frequency

Question 16

What happens to FiO2 when back pressure is applied distally?

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

Low Flow

Answer 17

Nasal cannula (variable)
1/4-6L/min 22%-40% FiO2
Nasal catheter (variable)
1/4-5L/min 22%-45% FiO2
Transtracheal catheter (Variable)
1/4-4L/min 22%-35% FiO2

Question 18

Reservoir Systems

Answer 18

Reservoir cannula (Variable)
1/4-4L/min 22%-35% FiO2
Simple Mask ( Variable)
5-10L/min 35%-50% FiO2
Partial Rebreathing (variable)
min 10L/min 40%-70% FiO2
Nonrebreather Mask (Variable)
Min 10L/min 60%-80% FiO2

Question 19

High Flow

Answer 19

AEM (Fixed)
>60L/min 24%-50% FiO2
Air-Entrainment Nebulizer
(Fixed) 28%-100% FiO2
10-15L-input >60L output
Blending System (Fixed)
>60L/min 21%-100%
High-Flow Nasal Cannula
(Generally Fixed, depends)
Up to 50L/min or more
35%-100% FiO2

Question 20

Enclosure

Answer 20

Oxyhood =/>7L
21%-28% FiO2 (Fixed)
Isolette (Variable)
8-15L/min 40%-50% FiO2
Tent (Variable)
12-15L/min 40%-50% FiO2

Question 21

What are the numbers for hypoxemia?

Answer 21

PaO2 <55-60mm Hg
SaO2 <87%-90%

Question 22

What typically occurs first when monitoring the earliest physiologic response to breathing 100% O2?

Answer 22

Substernal chest pain

Question 23

A patient breathing 100% O2 for 24hrs or longer would most likely exhibit what?

Answer 23

Decreased vital compacity

Question 24

What is consistent with the radiographic appearance after prolonged exposure to O2?

Answer 24

Patchy infiltrates

Question 25

Signs of hypoxia

Answer 25

Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Neurologic

Question 26

Respiratory signs of hypoxia

Answer 26

Tachypnea, dyspnea, paleness, cyanosis

Question 27

Cardiovascular signs of hypoxia

Answer 27

Tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypertension

Question 28

Exposure time to 100% O2 complications

Answer 28

0-12 hours
-normal pulmonary function
-tracheobronchitis
-substernal chest pain
12-24 hours
-decreasing vital compacity
25-30 hours
-decreasing lung compliance
-increasing P(A-a)O2 and
(A-a)gradient
-decreasing exercise PO2
30-72 hours
-decreasing diffusing compacity

Question 29

When is high FiO2 acceptable?

Answer 29

If concentration can be decreased to 70% within 2 days and 50% within 5 days

Question 30

Air Embolism Treatment

Answer 30

Immediate pressurization in air to 6ATA for 15-30min, then decompression to 2.8ATA with prolonged O2 therapy

Question 31

Carbon Monoxide Treatment

Answer 31

Breathing 100% O2 reduces to 80 minutes
HBO at 3 ATA is 23 minutes

Question 32

Helium Canisters

Answer 32

20:80 = 1.8
30:70 = 1.6

Question 33

What is the density of air?

Answer 33

1.293g/L