Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals > Chapter 40 Mobility And Immobility > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Mobility And Immobility Flashcards

0
Q

What two functional systems are essential for mobility?

A

Musculoskeletal and nervous systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is mobility?

A

The freedom and independence in purposeful movement. Mobility refers to adapting to and having self-awareness of the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is one if the key components of reducing the complications of immobility?

A

Promoting venous return.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are four types of immobility?

A

Temporary - knee surgery
Permanent - paraplegia
Sudden onset - fractured arm and leg
Slow onset - MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the principals of body mechanics based on ?

A

Alignment, balance, gravity and friction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Movement depends on which intact systems?

A

Skeletal
Skeletal muscle
Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does assessment focus on regarding mobility and immobility?

A 
Mobility 
ROM
Gait
Exercise status 
Activity tolerance
Body alignment while sitting standing and lying.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some factors affecting mobility?

A 
Alterations in muscles
Injury to musculoskeletal system 
Poor posture 
Impaired CNS
Health status and age.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name two changes that occur in the integumentary system:

A

Increased pressure on skin

Decreased circulation to skin (ulcers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two changes in the respiratory system are:

A
  • Decreased respiration movement resulting in decreased oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
  • Stasis if secretions and decreased and weakened respiratory muscles (stele tasks and hypo static pneumonia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two changes to the cardiovascular system are:

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Less fluid volume in the circulatory system
Stasis of blood in legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name two changes to metabolic system:

A

Altered endocrine system

Changes in protein carb and fat metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two changes to elimination system:

A

Genitourinary - urinary stasis
Decreased fluid intake, poor perineal car and indwelling urinary catheters

Gastrointestinal - decreased peristalsis
Constipation, then fecal impaction, then diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two changes to Musculoskeletal system:

A

Decreased muscle endurance, strength and mass

Foot drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two changes to neurological changes:

A 
Changes in emotional status (depression)
Behavior changes (withdrawal, altered sleep)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In infants, toddlers and preschoolers what development changes are altered with immobility?

A
  • Slower progression in gross motor skills, intellectual and musculoskeletal development.
  • Body aligned with line of gravity resulting in unbalanced posture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In adolescents what development changes are altered with immobility?

A

Imbalanced growth spurt
Delayed development of independence
Social isolation

17
Q

In adults what development changes are altered with immobility?

A

Alterations in every physiological system
Alterations in family and social systems
Alterations in job identity

18
Q

In older adults what development changes are altered with immobility?

A

Alterations in balance
Steady loss of bone mass
Decreased coordination

19
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of heat applications?

A

Increases flood flow
Increases tissue metabolism
Eases joint stiffness and pain

20
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of cold applications?

A 
Decreases inflammation
Prevents swelling
Reduces bleeding
Reduces fever
Diminishes muscle spasms
Decreases pain by decreasing the velocity of nerve conduction
21
Q

What are some explains of clients at risk for injury from heat/cold applications?

A

Very young, fair-skinned, and older (fragile skin)
Clients who are immobile (may not be able to move away when application becomes uncomfortable)
Impaired sensory perception

22
Q

Name some precautions to use when heat applications are in use:

A

Monitor bony prominences
Avoid use over metal devices (pacemakers, prosthetic joints)
No hear to abdomen of pregnant women
No heat under client who is immobile.

23
Q

When is cold applications inappropriate for clients?

A

Clients with cold intolerance
Vascular insufficiency
Disorders aggravated by cold (Raynaud’s phenomenon)

24
Q

When using heat or cold applications make sure the providers prescription includes:

A

Location
Duration and frequency
Specific type (moist or dry)
Temperature to use

25
Q

Heat application supplies include which two types?

A

Moist and Dry

26
Q

Name three different types of moist heat applications:

A

Hot compress (towel, bath thermometer, hot water hot pack)
Hot soaks - water, bath thermometer, basin
Sitz baths

27
Q

Give the different supplies used for moist cold application and dry cold application.

A

Moist - cold water and cold pack

Dry - ice bag, ice collar, ice glove or cold pack, cooling blanket

28
Q

When using a cold or heat application then site needs to be assessed every 5-10 minutes and checked for what?

A 
Redness or pallor
Pain or burning
Numbness
Shivering
Blisters
Decreases sensation
Cyanosis (cold)
29
Q

Name four techniques used in promoting venous return.

A 
Antiembolic stockings (TED)
Sequential compression devices (SCDs)
Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC)
Positioning techniques
ROM exercises
30
Q

Explain what sequential compression devices (SCD) and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) are:

A

Plastic or fabric sleeves that wrap around leg. Sleeves are then attached to electric pump that alternately inflates and deflates. The cycle is typically 10-15 seconds inflation and 45-60 seconds deflation.

31
Q

What are some different ROM techniques that prevent thrombophlebitis and promote venous return?

A

Ankle pumps
Foot circles
Knee flexion

32
Q

Do TED hose, SCDs and IPC require a prescription ?

A

Yes

33
Q

What should immobile clients do to promote venous return?

A

Leg exercises
Increase fluid intake
Change position frequently

34
Q

What is thrombophlebitis/deep vein thrombosis?

A

An inflammation of a vein (usually lower extremities) which can result in clot formation.

35
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of thrombophlebitis?

A

Pain
Edema
Warmth
Erythema at site

36
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

Potentially life threatening occlusion of blood flow to one or more pulmonary arteries by clot.

37
Q

What are some nursing actions if a deep vein thrombosis occurs?

A

Notify provider
Position client in bed with leg elevated
Avoid any pressure at site
Anticipate giving anticoagulants

38
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a pulmonary embolism?

A 
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Hematemesis (coughing up blood)
Decreased blood pressure 
Rapid pulse
39
Q

What are nursing actions required of a pulmonary embolism occurs?

A

Prepare to give thrombolytics or anticoagulants.

40
Q

To promote safe use of a cane for a client recovering from minor musculoskeletal injury or lower left extremity, which instructions should you provide?

A

Hold the cane on the right side
Keep two points of support on floor
Advance the weaker leg first

41
Q

What is a spirometer and what does it prevent?

A

Apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs. It measures ventilation.

Prevents atelectasis (collapsed lung)

Fundamentals (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions