Chapter 40 Lecture

Question 0

If thermoregulation is a secondary function of the large ears of the jackrabbit, then the primary function would be what?

Answer 0

to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal

Question 1

When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will do what?

Answer 1

CONSTRICT the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears

Question 2

Which best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions?

Answer 2

Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant.

Question 3

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because…

Answer 3

the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming

Question 4

Evolutionary adaptations that help diverse animals directly exchange matter between cells and the environment include:

Answer 4

• an external respiratory surface
• a small body size
• a two cell-layered body

Question 5

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evolved because…

Answer 5

it is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly

Question 6

The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because…

Answer 6

they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.

Question 7

All animals, whether large or small, have…

Answer 7

each living cell in contact with an AQUEOUS MEDIUM

Question 8

As body size increases in animals…

Answer 8

there is a decrease in surface-to-volume ratio

Question 9

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have…

Answer 9

increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches.

Question 10

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells:

Answer 10

provide abundant exchange surfaces

Question 11

INTERSTITIAL FLUID is…

Answer 11

the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells.

Question 12

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered “polarized” because…

Answer 12

the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface.

Question 13

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with…

Answer 13

EPITHELIAL tissue

Question 14

An example of a CONNECTIVE tissue is the:

Answer 14

BLOOD

Question 15

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM is composed of…

Answer 15

several layers of boxlike cells.

Question 16

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by… which system?

Answer 16

the ENDOCRINE system

Question 17

CONNECTIVE TISSUES typically have:

Answer 17

relatively few cells
&
a large amount of extracellular matrix

Question 18

The fibers responsible for the elastic resistance properties of TENDONS are…

Answer 18

ELASTIN fibers

Question 19

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains:

Answer 19

ELASTIN fibers

Question 20

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the:

Answer 20

GLIAL cells

Question 21

FIBROBLASTS secrete:

Answer 21

PROTEINS for CONNECTIVE FIBERS

Question 22

Breathing is accomplished via the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of….

Answer 22

SKELETAL MUSCLE

Question 23

BLOOD is best classified as a CONNECTIVE tissue because…

Answer 23

its cells are separated from each other by an

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

Question 24

MUSCLES are joined to bones by

Answer 24

TENDONS

Question 25

Most types of communication between cells utilize…

Answer 25

the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message.

Question 26

With its abundance of collagenous fibers, CARTILAGE is an example of..

Answer 26

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 27

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in:

Answer 27

CHONDROITIN SULFATE of CARTILAGE

Question 28

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the:

Answer 28

cell body

Question 29

ALL types of MUSCLE tissue have:

Answer 29

interactions between

ACTIN and MYOSIN

Question 30

All SKELETAL MUSCLE fibers are both:

Answer 30

STRIATED
&
under VOLUNTARY CONTROL

Question 31

CARDIAC MUSCLE cells are both

Answer 31

STRIATED
&
interconnected by
INTERCALATED DISCS

Question 32

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is…

Answer 32

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Question 33

Food moves along the digestive tract as a result of contractions by:

Answer 33

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Question 34

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a:

Answer 34

simple squamous epithelium

Question 35

The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed:

Answer 35

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 36

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when…

Answer 36

the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise

Question 37

An example of EFFECTOR’S roles in homeostatic responses is observable when…

Answer 37

an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering

Question 38

POSITIVE FEEDBACK has occurred when…

Answer 38

Uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in the birth canal.