chapter 40: hormones and endocrine systems Flashcards
Zoologists extracted the chemical that the Japanese beetle uses to attract a mate, and used it in a trap to reduce the beetle population. Scientists were using a(n)
a.
Pesticide
b.
Excretion
c.
Pheromone
d.
Enzyme
e.
Hormone
c.
Pheromone
Which of the following statements about hormones is not true?
a.
Cells that react to a hormone have specific receptors for that hormone
b.
Hormones usually affect a target organ
c.
Hormones may be classified as peptides or steroids
d.
Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream
e.
Hormones are released from exocrine glands
e.
Hormones are released from exocrine glands
The part of the brain that controls the anterior pituitary gland secretions is the
a.
Medulla
b.
Hypothalamus
c.
Thalamus
d.
Cerebral cortex
b.
Hypothalamus
Which endocrine gland is directly responsible for the secretion of the glucocorticoid cortisol?
a.
Hypothalamus
b.
Anterior pituitary
c.
Adrenal medulla
d.
Adrenal cortex
e.
Thyroid gland
d.
Adrenal cortex
What is a common function of T3 and T4?
a.
Cause an increase in the deposition of calcium in the bones
b.
Muscle contraction
c.
Stimulate cells to metabolize faster
d.
Cause the blood calcium to increase
e.
Blood phosphate levels decrease
c.
Stimulate cells to metabolize faster
characteristics of animal hormones
Nervous & endocrine systems work together
Regulate activities of target organs
Chemical signal
Different means of delivering signals
what are hormones
chemical messenger produced in one part of an organism’s body that controls the activity of other parts
target organs have what for certain hormones
cell receptors
what is a pheromone
chemical signals that influence the behavior of other individuals of the species
what are peptide hormones and how do they work
-Modified amino acids, peptides, proteins, or glycoproteins
-Actions vary
-Bind to receptors on the cell surface
-Stimulate the formation cAMP inside the cell
-Create an enzyme cascade effect
-caused by cAMP
-protein or substance was already present within the cell
what are steroid hormones and how do they work
-Regulate production of particular proteins
-All have four carbon rings with different side chains
-Bind to cell surface receptors
-Enter nucleus & bind to chromatin
-Activates certain genes
-Actions lasts longer
what does the hypothalamus do
regulate body’s internal environment
-Autonomic nervous system
-Glandular secretions of pituitary gland
two parts of the pituitary gland
Posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary
what does the posterior pituitary do?
-Stores hormones produced by hypothalamus
-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & oxytocin
-Pass through axons into posterior pituitary
-Stored in axon terminals
what does the anterior pituitary do
-makes its own hormones
-Hypothalamic releasing hormones: stimulates the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone
-Hypothalamic-inhibiting hormones: inhibits the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone
-Controls secretions of thyroid, adrenal cortex, gonads
