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Basic Clinical Nursing Exam 3 > Chapter 40 Fluid And Electrolyte > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Fluid And Electrolyte Flashcards

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0
Q

Acidosis

A

Condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

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1
Q

Acid

A

Substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released

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2
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure or metabolic energy

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3
Q

Agglutinin

A

An antibody that that causes a clumping of specific antigens

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4
Q

Alkalosis

A

Condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

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5
Q

Anions

A

Ion that carries a negative electric charge

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6
Q

Antibody

A

Immunoglobin produced by the body in response to specific antigen

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7
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign material capable of inducing a a specific immune response

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8
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

Occurs when a pt. Donates his or her own blood for a transfusion

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9
Q

Base

A

Substances that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali

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10
Q

Buffer

A

Substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid alkaline

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11
Q

Cation

A

Ion that carries a positive electric charge

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12
Q

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

Pressure exerted u plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure

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13
Q

Cross-Matching

A

Act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

Tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

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15
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces

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16
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

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17
Q

Filtration

A

Passage of a fluid through a permeable membrane whose spaces do not allow certain solutes to pass; passage is from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure

18
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

19
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excess of calcium in extracellular fluid

20
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid

21
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Excess of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

22
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Excess of sodium in the extracellular fluid

23
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Above normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

24
Q

Hypertonic

A

Having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

25
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Excess of plasma

26
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution

27
Q

Isotonic

A

Having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared

28
Q

Osmolarity

A

Concentration of particles in a solution , or a solutions pulling power

29
Q

Osmosis

A

Passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established

30
Q

pH

A

Expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of substance

Normal range is achieved through 3 major homeostatic regulators of hydrogen ions:
Chemical buffer system
Respiratory mechanism
Revel mechanisms

31
Q

Solutes

A

Substance dissolved in a solution

32
Q

Solvents

A

Liquid holding a substance in solution

33
Q

Typing

A

Determining a persons blood type

34
Q

Total Body water

A

Refers to the amount of water which is 50% to 60% of body weight in a healthy person

In which 35% - 40% is cell fluid

5% is plasma fluid
10% - 15% interstitial fluid

35
Q

Fluid loss

A

Sensible and insensible losses. Sensible loss can be measured include loss during urination(micturition), defecation, and wounds

Insensible can’t be measured or seen and include fluid lost from evaporation through the skin and as water vapor from the lungs during respiration

36
Q

Chemical buffer system

A

Three buffer system

Carbonacid-sodium bicarbonate buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system

37
Q

Body fluids

A

Provide a medium for transporting nutrients to cells and waste from cells.
Transporting substances such as hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red & white blood cells throughout the body
Facilitate cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning
Act as a solvent for electrolytes and no electrolytes
Help maintain normal body temperature
Facilitate digestion and promote elimination
Act as a tissue lubricant

38
Q

Intracellular / extracellular fluid

A

Intracellular all fluid within the cells making up 70% of the total body water or 40% of the adults body weight

39
Q

Transcellular Fluid

A

Is a third unusual minor, compartment is the Transcellular fluids. It includes cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular, and pleural fluids as well as sweat and digestive secretions

40
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Extracellular is all the fluid outside the cells making up 30% of the total body water and 20% of the adults body weight.

Can be found interstitial or intravascular

Interstitial fluid that surrounds tissue cells and includes lymph
Intravascular fluid or plasma is the liquid component of the blood

41
Q

Fluid Balance

A

A persons intake should normally be approximately balanced by output or fluid loss ranges from 1500mL - 3500mL

42
Q

Fluid losses

A

Sensible / insensible losses

Sensible is through urination, defection, and wounds
Insensible can’t be measured or seen and include fluid lost from evaporation through skin and as water vapor from lungs during respiration

43
Q

Homeostatic mechanisms

A

Almost every organ in the body assist the body in the homeostatic balance.

Kidneys filter 180L of plasma daily and excreting only 1.5L of urine selectively retain electrolytes.
Cardiovascular pumping and carrying nutrients and water throughout the body.

Basic Clinical Nursing Exam 3 (3 decks)

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