Ch 39 Oxygenation Flashcards
Alveoli
A cluster Small air sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles
They are the site of gas exchange made of a single-cell layer of squamous epithelium
Cilia
Are the microscopic hair-like projections, propel trapped material and accompanying mucus toward the upper Airway so they can be removed by coughing
Surfactant
A detergent-like phospholipid, reduces the surface tension between the moist membrane of the alveoli preventing the collapse. When surfactant production is reduce, the lung becomes stiff and alveoli collapse
Pulmonary Ventilation
Refers to the movement of it into and out of the lungs
Respiration
Involves gas exchange between atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries
Perfusion
Is the process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues
Inspiration
The active phase involves movement of muscles and thorax to bring air into the lungs
Expiration
The passive phase is the movement of air out of the lungs
Diffusion
Is the movement of gas of particles from areas of higher pressure or concentration to areas of lower pressure or concentration
In respiration diffusion refers to the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries
Atelectasis
Incomplete lung expansion or collapse of alveoli
Hypoxia
A condition in which inadequate amount of oxygen is available to cells
Symptoms: dyspnea elevated BP, increased respiration & pulse rate, pallor, cyanosis, often caused by hypoventilation
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Hypoventilation
Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
Atria
Upper chamber of heart received blood from the veins superior and inferior vena cava and lefts and right pulmonary veins
Ventricles
The lower chamber of the heart force blood out of the heart through arteries left and right pulmonary arteries and the aorta
