Chapter 40 Circulatory System Flashcards
What has invertebrate circulatory systems?
sponges, cnidarians, and nematodes
How do sponges circulate water?
using many incurrent pores and one excurrent pore
How do hydras circulate water?
through a gastrovascular cavity which is also for digestion
How do nematodes circulate water?
through their digestion tract which doubles as their circulatory system because they are so thin
Open circulatory system
- No distinction between circulating and extracellular fluid
What is the fluid in the open circulatory system called?
hemolymph
closed circulatory system
- distinct circulatory fluid enclosed in blood vessels and transported away from and back to the heart
What is makes up a fishes circulatory system?
- Evolved a true chamber-heart pump heart
- have a 2 chambered heart
- the blood is pumped through the gills, and then to the rest of the body
Amphibians have what 2 circulations?
pulmonary circulation, and systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
moves blood between the heart and lungs
Systemic circulation
moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body
How many heart chambers do amphibians have?
3 chambered heart
How many heart chambers do reptiles have?
3 chambered heart
How many atria and ventricles do reptiles have?
2 atria and 2 ventricles
How many heart chambers do mammals, birds, and crocodilians have?
4 chambered heart
How many atria and ventricles do mammals, birds, and crocodilians have?
2 separate atria and 2 separate ventricles
In mammals what does the right atrium do?
receives deoxygenated blood from the body and delivers it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs
In mammals what does the left atrium do?
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body
What type of tissue is blood?
connective tissue
what is extracellular matrix?
plasma
what do platelets do?
they help with blood clotting
What are the functions of circulating blood
- transportation
- regulation
- protection
What percent of blood plasma is water?
92% water
What solutes does blood plasma contain?
nutrients, waste, and hormones
If plasma is removes what is it called?
serum
What does fibrinogen cause?
blood clotting
How many red blood cells do you have?
about 5 million per microliter of bloos
How long do your blood cells live for?
120 days
What are leukocytes?
white blood cells
Where does your blood leave from your heart to?
arteries
Where does your blood from arterioles enter?
capillaries
Where is blood collected from? and where does it lead to?
blood is collected into venules which leads to larger vessels (vein)
What carries blood back to the heart?
veins
What does the lymphatic system do?
when liquids leaves the blood stream some of the liquids go to your lymphatic system
What is the hearts 2 pairs of valves?
atrioventricular (AV) valves and your semilunar valves
What does your Atrioventricular (AV) valves do?
Maintain unidirectional blood flow between atria and ventricles
What does your semilunar valves do?
Ensure a one-way flow out of the ventricles to the vessels
Where is your pulmonary valve located?
at the exit of the right ventricle
Where is your Aortic valve located?
At the exit of the left ventricle
What can the Autonomic nervous system modulate?
rate
What does blood pressure measure?
systole / diastole
systole
ventricle contractions
diastole
ventricle relaxation
What 4 hormones is your blood volume regulated by?
- ADH or Antidiuretic hormone
- Aldosterone
- Atrial natiuretic hormone
- nitric oxide
