Chapter 39 Respiratory system

Question 1

What can small organisms rely on?

Answer 1

direct diffusion of gases

Question 2

How do amphibians breathe?

Answer 2

across their skin as well as lungs

Question 3

How do insects breathe?

Answer 3

extensive tracheal system

Question 4

How do fish breathe?

Answer 4

gills

Question 5

How do mammals breathe?

Answer 5

Have a large network of alveoli in lung tissue

Question 6

How do lungs minimize evaporation?

Answer 6

by moving air through a branched tubular passage

Question 7

What is a pressure of 760 mm Hg defines as?

Answer 7

one atmosphere (1.0 atm) of pressure

Question 8

Contraction of what expands the rib cage?

Answer 8

external intercostal muscles

Question 9

Contraction of what expands the volume of thorax and lungs?

Answer 9

diaphram

Question 10

What is tidal volume?

Answer 10

volume of air moving in and out of lungs in a person at rest

Question 11

What is vital capacity?

Answer 11

Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a forceful inspiration

Question 12

Hemoglobin loads up with what to form what?

Answer 12

loads up with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

Question 13

What is hemoglobin’s affinity for 02 affected by?

Answer 13

pH and temperature

Question 14

What is hypoventilation?

Answer 14

• insufficient breathing
• blood has abnormally high Pco2

Question 15

What is hyperventilation?

Answer 15

• excessive breathing
• blood has abnormally low Pco2

Question 16

A rise in PCO2 causes what?

Answer 16

increased production of carbonic acid which lowers the blood pH