Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio final > chapter 40 > Flashcards

chapter 40 Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

climate

A

the long-term prevailing weather conditions in a given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the four physical factors of climate

A

temperature, precipitation, sunlight, wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

abiotic factors

A

the nonliving factors of the environment, chemical and physical attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

biotic factors

A

living, the other living organisms that affect the individual’s environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

macroclimate

A

climate at the global, regional and landscape levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what determines global climate patterns

A

solar energy, earth’s movement in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

biomes

A

major life zones characterized by vegetation type or by physical environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

climograph

A

a plot of the annual mean temperature and precipitation in a particular region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

three abiotic things that determine biomes

A

temp, precip, and climatic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

disturbance

A

an event such as a storm, fire, or human activity that changes a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

biotic things that determine biomes?

A

types of vegetation, microorganisms, fungi, animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ecotone

A

area of intergradation between the annual averages of temp and precip between the biomes, no sharp boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

canopy

A

the uppermost layer of a forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ecology

A

the study of homes, distribution and abundance of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

organismal ecology

A

ecology of a single organisms, evolutionary/behavioral/physiological ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

population ecology

A

factors that affect population size and how and why it changes through time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

community ecology

A

emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

landscape ecology

A

focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials and organisms across multiple ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

global ecology

A

examines how the regional exchange of energy and materials influences the functioning and distribution of organisms across the biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

photic zone

A

where there is sufficient light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

aphotic zone

A

little light penetrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pelagic zone

A

the zone from the the surface to the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

benthic zone

A

the floors, consists of organic and inorganic sediments and occupied by benthos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

benthos

A

organisms that live in the benthic zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
littoral zone
well lit, shallow enough for plants to be rooted, high productivity
26
limnetic zone
too deep for rooted plants but holds large amounts of microorganisms
27
thermocline
a narrow layer of abrupt temp change in oceans and most lakes/rivers
28
what factors determine how communities are distributed
water depth, degree of light penetration, distance from shore, if found in open water or near the bottom
29
marine benthic zones
the ocean floor
30
oceanic pelagic zone
most of the water in the ocean that's far from shore
31
coral reefs
typically warm water, tropical ecosystem dominated by the hard skeletal structures secreted primarily by corals
32
oligotrophic lake
nutrient poor and oxygen rich, clear lake with few phytoplankton
33
eutrophic lake
nutrient rich and oxygen poor during peaks of summer and winter
34
intertidal zone
the shallow zone of the ocean adjacent to land and between high and low tide lines
35
wetlands
a habitat that is inundated by water at least some of the time and that supports plants adapted to water saturate soil
36
estuary
the area where a freshwater stream/river merges with the ocean
37
species distributions are a consequence of
both ecological and evolutionary interactions through time
38
ecological time
the differential survival and reproductive of individuals that leads to evolution (generally short term)
39
evolutionary time
organisms adapting to their environment over the time fram of many generations through natural selection (very long term)
40
dispersal
the movement of individuals or gametes away from their area of origin or from enters of high population density
41
potential range of species is _____ than actual range
larger
42
what three steps do you follow to figure out what limits distribution?
dispersal -> biotic factors -> abiotic factors
43
population
a group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area
44
density
the number of individuals within the boundaries of the population
45
clumped (pattern of dispersion)
individuals are aggregated in patches
46
uniform (pattern of dispersion)
evenly spaced
47
dispersion
the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population
48
random (pattern of dispersion)
unpredictable spacing
49
territoriality
animals antagonistic interactions to determine their own space, a defense of a bounded area against others
50
demography
the study of the vital statistics of population and how they change over time
51
life table
age specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population, estimates avg age of individuals
52
cohort
a group of individuals of the same age
53
survivorship curve
a plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age
54
type I curve
flat at the start, low death rates through beginning and middle of life, then drops steep at the end
55
type II curve
intermediate, with a constant death rate over the life span
56
type III curve
drops sharply at the start, high death rate for the young and flattens out
57
reproductive rate
the rates of females producing more females
58
reproductive tables
also fertility schedule, an age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population
59
carrying capacity (K)
the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
60
logistic vs exponential population growth
logistic is that growth approaches zero as population approaches carrying capacity exponential is where growth is unlimited and at a constant rate
61
smaller N vs. larger N
smaller N - higher rate | large N - lower rate
62
life history
the traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival
63
what are the life history traits
when reproduction begins how often they reproduce how many offspring per reproductive cycle how many offspring survive
64
K-selection
density-dependent selection, selects for traits that are sensitive to population density and are favored in high densities less offspring, more provisioning, higher survival rate
65
r-selection
density-independent selection for traits that maximize reproductive success, favored in low densities more offspring, less provisioning, lower survival rate
66
density independent
birth/death rate that does not change with population density
67
density dependent
death rate that rise or birth rate that falls as density rises
68
population dynamics
the study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size wolf/elk/vegetation relationships between population and their numbers
69
metapopulation
a group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration

bio final (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions