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Bio 133 > Chapter 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is osmolarity a measure of?

A

measure of solutes in. a solution

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2
Q

What are the units of osmolarity?

A

osmoles per liter

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3
Q

Low osmolarity = lower or higher solute concentration

A

lower

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4
Q

High osmolarity = lower or higher solute concentration

A

higher

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5
Q

When does osmotic stress occur?

A

when concentration of dissolved substances is abnormal

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6
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

control of concentrations of water and solutes

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7
Q

What are osmoregulators?

A

Animals that regulate osmolarity of its tissues

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8
Q

What are osmoconformers?

A

Animals with tissue osmolarity that is isosmotic to the environment

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9
Q

What is isosmotic?

A

Same water and solute concentration as another solution

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10
Q

What is hyperosmotic?

A

Solute outside body is higher than solute inside

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11
Q

What is hypoosmotic?

A

Solute outside body is lower than solute inside

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12
Q

What are the two types of passive transport?

A

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

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13
Q

What happens in simple diffusion?

A

Small, uncharged molecules move directly across membrane

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14
Q

What happens in facilitated diffusion?

A

Large, uncharged molecules move across membrane through channel

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15
Q

What are the two kinds of active transport?

A

Primary active transport and secondary active transport

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16
Q

What happens in primary active transport?

A

Energy moves ions against gradient

17
Q

What happens in secondary active transport?

A

Membrane proteins use gradient that was created by a pump from active transport

18
Q

What is another name for secondary active transport?

A

Cotransport

19
Q

What is a symporter?

A

Movement of different solutes in the same direction

20
Q

What is an antiporter?

A

Movement of different solutes in opposite directions

21
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

Membrane channels for water

22
Q

How is ammonia produced?

A

Breakdown of amino acids and nucleic acids

23
Q

What is nitrogenous waste?

A

Ammonia and other compounds secreted by animals to rid their bodies of excess nitrogen

24
Q

Nitrogenous waste in freshwater fish…

A

Ammonia is diluted to a low concentration, excreted in urine

25
Q

Nitrogenous waste in mammals…

A

Ammonia is converted to urea, excreted in urine

26
Q

Nitrogenous waste in birds, insects, and reptiles…

A

Ammonia converted to uric acid, excreted in feces

27
Q

What is the role of the rectal gland?

A

Secrete salt solution into rectum

28
Q

Which pump is needed for salt excretion?

A

Sodium-potassium pump

Bio 133 (4 decks)

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