Chapter 4 vocabulary

Question 1

abduction

Answer 1

withdrawal (movement away) of a part from the axis of the trunk or extremity

Question 2

burnout

Answer 2

a state of mental or physical exhaustion, or both, caused by excessive and prolonged stress

Question 3

bursitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the small sac of fluid (bursa) that cushions and lubricates an area between tendon and bone or around a joint

Question 4

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 4

repetitive motion injury caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, causing numbness

Question 5

Compassion fatigue

Answer 5

lessening or loss of sympathy for the misfortune of others, caused by overwork and excessive emotional demands

Question 6

de Quervain disease

Answer 6

painful inflammation of the tendons (tenosynovitis) on the thumb side of the wrist

Question 7

ergonomics

Answer 7

removes barriers to quality, productivity, and safe human performance by fitting products, tasks, and environments to people

Question 8

extension

Answer 8

the increasing or straightening of the angle at a joint

Question 9

flexion

Answer 9

decreasing of the angle at a joint (bending of the elbow)

Question 10

infarct

Answer 10

area of necrosis resulting from lack of blood supply

Question 11

musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs)

Answer 11

injuries of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, and spinal disk due to physical work activities or workplace conditions

Question 12

plantar fasciitis

Answer 12

results from overuse and the repeated stress of using the foot

Question 13

presbyopia

Answer 13

a focusing deficiency

Question 14

repetitive strain injuries (RSIs)

Answer 14

tendon and nerve disoreders resulting from many repeated, strong wrist motions

Question 15

resource inadequacy

Answer 15

exists in cases of a lack of sufficient resources to perform a task to the level of expectation

Question 16

role ambiguity

Answer 16

triggered when sonographers are uncertain of the employer’s expectations

Question 17

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 17

results from compression or squeezing on the posterior tibial nerve that produces symptoms anywhere along the path of the nerve, running from the inside of the angle into the foot

Question 18

tendonitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the tendon

Question 19

thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Answer 19

refers to a group of disorders brought on by compression of blood vessels or nerves in the space between the clavicle and first rib

Question 20

trigger finger

Answer 20

aching or pain at the wrist and thumb, aggravated by motion