Chapter 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
things that can cause disruptions in homeostasis
stressors
movements of molecules across a membrane without the use of energy
passive transport (molecules move “down” a concentration gradient)
cell part that can kill bacteria and viruses
lysosome
a membrane’s ability to allow some molecules to cross while blocking others
selectively permeable (selective permeability)
a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell is LESS that the concentrations of solutes inside the cell
hypotonic solution (hypo = under, less)
process by which molecules move from an area where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
diffusion
group of organs that work together to perform a common function
organ system (all organ systems are invovled in exchanging materials between different parts of the body)
observations that involve descriptions; observations that are relative; subjective
qualitative observations
compartment within cells that perform specific functions
organelle
all factors that might affect the outcome of an experiment
variables (good controlled experiments only test ONE variable at a time)
observations that can be measured
quantitative observations (think quantity)
a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell EQUALS the concentration of solutes inside the cell
isotonic solution (iso = equal)
a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside of the cell is GREATER than the concentration of solutes inside the cell
hypertonic solution (hyper = over, more)
uniform mixture of 2 or more substances
solution (solute: gets dissolved) (solvent: does the dissolving)
blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
arteries
organ system that: 1) delivers air to the lungs 2) moves oxygen from lungs into the blood 3) moves carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs
gas exchange system (respiratory system)
organisms’ internal systems maintain a dynamic equilibrium
homeostasis (processes that keep internal systems in balance when external conditions keep changing)
organ system that: 1) transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to cells 2) carries waste products from cells
circulatory system
the smallest of blood vessels, where there is a direct exchange of materials between the blood and other body tissues
capillaries
forms the boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside environment
cell membrane
an outer rigid boundary of plant cells
cell wall (also found in some fungi, bacteria, and protist cells) (NOT in animal cells)
protein molecues on the surface of the cell membrane that bind to specific molecules
receptors (usually when a specific molecule binds to a receptor on the outside, it triggers a response on the inside)
the name referring to the structure of a cell membrane
“lipid bilayer” (lipid, or fat molecules, are arranged in two layers)
when proteins form channels that allow substances to move down their concentration gradient either into or out of the cell
facilitated diffusion
the “normal” condition or specimen in an experiment that has not been altered
control (this is what you compare your experimental results to)
when two different concentrations are separated by a barrier
concentration gradient (usually there is a concentration gradient on opposite sides of a cell membrane)
the movement of water molecules through a membrane from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
osmosis (this is the “diffusion” of water molecules)
organ system that filters the blood to eliminate wastes
urinary system
movement of molecules across a cell membrane using cell energy
active transport (movement of molecules “against” or “up” a concentration gradient)
The cell part that contains the DNA (genetic material)
nucleus
blood vessels that carry blood TOWARD the heart
veins
The Cell Part labeled #1 is a…
Mitochondria
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration is called…
Diffusion
The solution cell A is in must be …
Hypotonic, Isotonic or Hypertonic?
Hypertonic
The cell part that the pointer is directed toward is the …
Nucleus
In the animal cell below, #5 is pointed toward the…
Cell Membrane
