Chapter 2 & 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
Upright walking primates (including humans)
Hominids
Long line of ancestors
lineage
group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place, at the same time
population
inherited characteristics of organisms that help them survive in their environment
adaptations
traits/characteristics that are passed from one generation to the next
heritable traits (inherited traits)
traits/characteristics that an organism obtains at some point during their life
acquired characteristics
TRUE or FALSE:Typically, more offspring are born in a population than can survive.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE:Individual organisms within a population vary from one another in characteristics that are inherited.
TRUE
Which of these statements is TRUE:1) Natural Selection describes how populations change over time.2) Natural Selection describes how individuals change over time.
The first statement is true:1) Natural Selection describes how populations change over time.
TRUE or FALSE:Most resources available in any natural environment are unlimited.
FALSE!!!Most resources are limited. Therefore, there must be competition to obtain those resources!
When humans choose the individuals that will reproduce based on certain traits.
Artificial Selection
A scientist who investigates biological change by studying fossils and the history of Earth.
Paleobiologist
A scientist who investigates biological change by studying ancient hominids and living primates (including humans).
Physical anthropologist
study of how the layers on Earth are organized and the fossils that are found in those layers
stratigraphy
Any preserved part or impression of an organism that lived in the past
fossil
Inferring the age of fossils relative to one another by comparing the Earth layers in which they are found.
relative dating(or stratigraphy)
Using naturally occurring radioactive elements to empirically determine the age of fossils.
Absolute dating(or direct dating)
The scientific timespan of the Earth’s history
geologic time
A comprehensive explanation of a set of natural phenomena supported by vast amounts of evidence from multiple sources.
scientific theory
A tentative, but logical prediction based on observations
hypothesis
common structures in different organisms
homologous structures
structures that are functional in some organisms, but seemingly useless in others
vestigial organs
study of the early development of organisms before they are born/hatched
embryology
when two populations of organisms choose not to reproduce with each other because of difference in courtship rituals
Reproductive Isolation (over time, this can lead to new species)
combined genetic information for ALL the members of a population
gene pool
The physical separation of members of a population.
Geographic Isolation
When members of a species separate and cannot mate because of the time of reproduction, season, month, day, etc…
Temporal Isolation
