Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 1

A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

Question 2

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 2

All the forms of electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

Wavelength

Answer 3

Distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second

Question 5

Photoelectric effect

Answer 5

Refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal

Question 6

Quantum

Answer 6

The minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an Atom

Question 7

Photon

Answer 7

A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy

Question 8

Ground state

Answer 8

The lowest energy state of an atom

Question 9

Excited state

Answer 9

A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state

Question 10

Line-emission spectrum

Answer 10

When a narrow beam of the emitted light will shine through a prism, it was separated into four specific colors of the visible spectrum

Question 11

Continuous spectrum

Answer 11

The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 12

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 12

States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle

Question 13

Quantum theory

Answer 13

Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles

Question 14

Orbital

Answer 14

A three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron

Question 15

Quantum number

Answer 15

Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals

Question 16

Principal quantum number

Answer 16

Symbolized by N, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron

Question 17

Angular momentum quantum number

Answer 17

Symbolized by L, indicates the shape of the orbital

Question 18

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 18

Symbolized by m, indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus

Question 19

Spin quantum number

Answer 19

Has only two possible values (+1/2, -1/2) which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital

Question 20

Electron configuration

Answer 20

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 21

Aufbau principle

Answer 21

An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

Question 22

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 22

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Question 23

Hund’s rule

Answer 23

Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state

Question 24

Noble gas

Answer 24

The group 18 elements (helium, neon, Argon, krypton, xenon, radon)

Question 25

Noble-gas configuration

Answer 25

Refers to an outer main energy level occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons