Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 0

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 0

A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

Question 1

Continuous spectrum

Answer 1

The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 2

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 2

All the forms of electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

Excited state

Answer 3

A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it had in it ground state

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second

Question 5

Ground state

Answer 5

The lowest energy state of an atom

Question 6

Line-emission spectrum

Answer 6

When a narrow beam of the emitted light was shined through a prism it was separated into a series of specific frequencies of visible light

Question 7

Photoelectric effect

Answer 7

Refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal

Question 8

Photon

Answer 8

A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy

Question 9

Quantum

Answer 9

The minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom

Question 10

Wavelength

Answer 10

The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

Question 11

Angular momentum quantum number

Answer 11

Indicates the shape of the orbital (symbol l)

Question 12

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 12

States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle

Question 13

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 13

Indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus (symbol m)

Question 14

Orbital

Answer 14

A three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron

Question 15

Principle quantum number

Answer 15

Indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron (symbol n)

Question 16

Spin quantum number

Answer 16

Has only two possible values +1/2 and -1/2 which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital

Question 17

Aufbau principle

Answer 17

An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it

Question 18

Electron configuration

Answer 18

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 19

Highest occupied level

Answer 19

The electron-containing main energy level with the highest principle quantum number

Question 20

Hund’s rule

Answer 20

Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbits must have the same spin

Question 21

Inner-shell electrons

Answer 21

The electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level

Question 22

Noble gases

Answer 22

Group 18 elements on the periodic table (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon)

Question 23

Noble-gas configuration

Answer 23

An outer main energy level fully occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons

Question 24

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 24

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Question 25

Quantum numbers

Answer 25

Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals

Question 26

Quantum theory

Answer 26

Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles