chapter 4 vocab

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group

Question 2

society

Answer 2

a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and culture

Question 3

ethnic group

Answer 3

used to refer to a group that shares a language, customs, and a common inheritage

Question 4

innovation

Answer 4

taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet needs

Question 5

diffusion

Answer 5

spread of ideas, patterns, and inventions

Question 6

cultural health

Answer 6

a site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures

Question 7

acculturation

Answer 7

occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation

Question 8

dialect

Answer 8

reflects changes in speech patterns related to class, religion, or other cultural changes

Question 9

religion

Answer 9

a belief in a supernatural power that is regarded as the creator and maintained of the universe

Question 10

birthrate

Answer 10

number of live births per thousand population

Question 11

fertility rate

Answer 11

the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime

Question 12

mortality rate

Answer 12

(death rate) the number of deaths per thousand people

Question 13

infant mortality rate

Answer 13

the number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births

Question 14

rate of natural increase

Answer 14

population growth rate

Question 15

population pyramid

Answer 15

a graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population

Question 16

push-pull factor

Answer 16

reasons for migrating

Question 17

population density

Answer 17

a way to understand how heavily populated an area is

Question 18

carrying capacity

Answer 18

number of organisms a piece of land can support

Question 19

state

Answer 19

an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of the internal and external affairs

Question 20

nation

Answer 20

a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having strong sense of unity

Question 21

nation-state

Answer 21

when a nation and state occupy the same territory

Question 22

democracy

Answer 22

citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives

Question 23

monarchy

Answer 23

a ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share power with citizen bodies

Question 24

dictatorship

Answer 24

an individual or a group holds complete political power

Question 25

communism

Answer 25

in the government and economic system, nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government in the name of all people

Question 26

landlocked

Answer 26

country surrounded by other land and no direct outlet to the sea

Question 27

urban geography

Answer 27

study of how people use space in cities

Question 28

city

Answer 28

not just areas with large population-they are also centers of businesses and culture

Question 29

suburb

Answer 29

political units touching the borders of the central city or touching other suburbs that touch the city

Question 30

metropolian area

Answer 30

the city, suburbs, and exurbs that link together economically

Question 31

urbanization

Answer 31

dramatic rise in the number of cities and changes in lifestyle

Question 32

central business district(CBD)

Answer 32

core of the city that is almost always based on commercial activity

Question 33

economy

Answer 33

consists of the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people

Question 34

economic system

Answer 34

the way people produce, exchange goods, and exchange services

Question 35

command economy

Answer 35

production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers

Question 36

market economy

Answer 36

production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers

Question 37

natural resources

Answer 37

materials on earth-such as trees, fish, or coal-that have economic value

Question 38

infrastructure

Answer 38

the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including, power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems

Question 39

percapitaincome

Answer 39

the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit

Question 40

gross national product(GNP)

Answer 40

the total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year or some other specified period of time

Question 41

gross domestic product(GDP)

Answer 41

total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time