chapter 2 vocab

Question 1

the center of earth and is made up of iron and nickle

Answer 1

core

Question 2

surrounds the core and has many layers

Answer 2

mantle

Question 3

molten rock

Answer 3

magma

Question 4

thin layer of rock at the earth’s surface

Answer 4

crust

Question 5

layer of gases that surround the earth

Answer 5

atmosphere

Question 6

solid rock portion of the earth’s surface

Answer 6

lithosphere

Question 7

made up of water elements on the earth

Answer 7

hydrosphere

Question 8

part of the earth where plants and animals live

Answer 8

biosphere

Question 9

maintained that the earth was once a super continent that that divided and slowly drifted apart over millions of years

Answer 9

continental drift

Question 10

the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and the earth

Answer 10

hydrologic cycle

Question 11

an area drained by a major river and its tributaris

Answer 11

drainage basin

Question 12

water held in the pores of rocks

Answer 12

ground water

Question 13

level at which the rock is saturated marks the rim

Answer 13

water table

Question 14

naturally formed features on the surface of the earth

Answer 14

land forms

Question 15

earths surface form the edge of a continent to the deep part in the ocean

Answer 15

continental shelf

Question 16

the difference in elevation of a land form its lowest point to its highest point

Answer 16

relief

Question 17

combination of the surface shape and composition of the land forms and their distribution in a region

Answer 17

topographic

Question 18

enormous moving pieces of the earth’s lithosphere

Answer 18

tectonic plates

Question 19

fracture in the earths crust

Answer 19

fault

Question 20

sometimes violent movement on earth

Answer 20

earthquake

Question 21

special device that can detect earthquakes

Answer 21

seismograph

Question 22

point directly above the focus on the earths center

Answer 22

epicenter

Question 23

uses information collected by seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake

Answer 23

richer scale

Question 24

a giant wave in the ocean

Answer 24

tsunami

Question 25

materials pour out of a rock in the earths surface

Answer 25

volcano

Question 26

magma that has reached the earths surface

Answer 26

lava

Question 27

a zone around the rim of the pacific ocean(the location of the vast majority of active volcanos)

Answer 27

ring of fire

Question 28

refers to physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rocks on or near the earths surface

Answer 28

weathering

Question 29

weathering process create smaller and smaller pieces of rock

Answer 29

sediment

Question 30

process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces

Answer 30

mechanical weathering

Question 31

occurs when a rock is changed into a new substance as a result of interaction between elements in the air or water and minerals in rocks

Answer 31

chemical weathering

Question 32

when a river enters the ocean, the sediment is deposited in a fan like land form

Answer 32

delta

Question 33

wind blown silt and clay sediment that produces very fertile soil

Answer 33

loess

Question 34

a large long lasting mass of ice that moves because of gravity

Answer 34

glacier

Question 35

the changing of land forms by slowly moving glaciers

Answer 35

glaciation

Question 36

rocks left behind by a glacier may form a ridge

Answer 36

moraine

Question 37

texture of the soil the amount of organic material

Answer 37

humus

Question 38

landmasses above water on earth

Answer 38

continents

Question 39

consists of the sun and nine known planets

Answer 39

solar system

Question 40

weathered material is moved by the action of wind, water, ice, or gravity

Answer 40

erosion