Chapter 4 Voacb Flashcards
Conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India.
Alexander the Great: Alexander III of Macedon
Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians.
Aryans
The most famous ruler of the Mauryan empire (r. 268–232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.
Ashoka
A radical form of direct in which much of the free male population had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot.
Athenian democracy
The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.–14 C.E.).
Caesar Augustus
Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557–530 B.C.E.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.
Cyrus (the Great)
Great king of Persia (r. 522–486 B.C.E) following the upheavals after Cyrus’s death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.
Darius I
Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E and 480 B.C.E, in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea.
Greco-Persian Wars
An empire of India (320–550 C.E.).
Gupta Empire
Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi’s state-building achievement.
Han Dynasty
The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander’s political successors.
Hellenistic era
A heavily armed Greek infantryman. Over time, the ability to afford it panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship.
Hoplite
The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire.
Ionia
Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E
Mauryan Empire: A major empire (322–185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India.
Battle of Marathon
Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus; founded in 776 B.C.E and celebrated every four years.
Olympic Games
The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.
Persepolis
A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.
Persian empire
Han emperor (r. 141–86 B.C.E.) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.
Wudi
Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state.
Xiongnu
A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty.
Yellow Turban Rebellion
Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens’s Golden Age.
Peloponnesian War
A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E
Persian Empire
Greek historians known as the “father of history”. His historians enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East & west, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480BCE.
Herodotus
Major empire that encompassed most of India.
Mauryan Empire
“Roman peace”, a term typically used to denote the stability & prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the 1st & 2nd centuries CE
Pax Romana
Poorer, less-privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.
Plebeians
Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean.
Punic Wars
A short-lived (221–206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period.
Qin dynasty
Literally “first emperor from the Qin”; (r. 221–210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.
Qin Shihuangdi
Athenian statesman & lawmaker whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy
Solon
In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.
Ahura Mazda
