Chapter 4 Voacb

Question 1

Conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India.

Answer 1

Alexander the Great: Alexander III of Macedon

Question 2

Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians.

Answer 2

Aryans

Question 3

The most famous ruler of the Mauryan empire (r. 268–232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.

Answer 3

Ashoka

Question 4

A radical form of direct in which much of the free male population had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot.

Answer 4

Athenian democracy

Question 5

The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.–14 C.E.).

Answer 5

Caesar Augustus

Question 6

Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557–530 B.C.E.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.

Answer 6

Cyrus (the Great)

Question 7

Great king of Persia (r. 522–486 B.C.E) following the upheavals after Cyrus’s death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.

Answer 7

Darius I

Question 8

Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E and 480 B.C.E, in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea.

Answer 8

Greco-Persian Wars

Question 9

An empire of India (320–550 C.E.).

Answer 9

Gupta Empire

Question 10

Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi’s state-building achievement.

Answer 10

Han Dynasty

Question 11

The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander’s political successors.

Answer 11

Hellenistic era

Question 12

A heavily armed Greek infantryman. Over time, the ability to afford it panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship.

Answer 12

Hoplite

Question 13

The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire.

Answer 13

Ionia

Question 14

Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E

Mauryan Empire: A major empire (322–185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India.

Answer 14

Battle of Marathon

Question 15

Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus; founded in 776 B.C.E and celebrated every four years.

Answer 15

Olympic Games

Question 16

The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.

Answer 16

Persepolis

Question 17

A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.

Answer 17

Persian empire

Question 18

Han emperor (r. 141–86 B.C.E.) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.

Answer 18

Wudi

Question 19

Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state.

Answer 19

Xiongnu

Question 20

A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty.

Answer 20

Yellow Turban Rebellion

Question 21

Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens’s Golden Age.

Answer 21

Peloponnesian War

Question 22

A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E

Answer 22

Persian Empire

Question 23

Greek historians known as the “father of history”. His historians enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East & west, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480BCE.

Answer 23

Herodotus

Question 24

Major empire that encompassed most of India.

Answer 24

Mauryan Empire

Question 25

“Roman peace”, a term typically used to denote the stability & prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the 1st & 2nd centuries CE

Answer 25

Pax Romana

Question 26

Poorer, less-privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.

Answer 26

Plebeians

Question 27

Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean.

Answer 27

Punic Wars

Question 28

A short-lived (221–206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period.

Answer 28

Qin dynasty

Question 29

Literally “first emperor from the Qin”; (r. 221–210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.

Answer 29

Qin Shihuangdi

Question 30

Athenian statesman & lawmaker whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy

Answer 30

Solon

Question 31

In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.

Answer 31

Ahura Mazda