Chapter 4: Victimology

Question 1

When was Victimology was coined

Answer 1

Mid-1900s

Question 2

Victimology first emerged

Answer 2

1940s and 50s

Question 3

It is the Scientific study of crime victims

Answer 3

Victimology

Question 4

Scientific study of the psychological effects of crime and the relationship between victims and offender

Answer 4

Victimology

Question 5

Examine victim patterns and tendencies

Answer 5

Victimology

Question 6

Study of the ways in which the behavior of crime victims may have led to or contributed to their victimization

Answer 6

Victimology

Question 7

Include the relationship between victims and offender, victims and criminal justice system, and victims and other social groups and institutions, such as media, business, and social movements.

Answer 7

Victimology

Question 8

Branch of criminology that deals about the factors of victimization and contributory role of the victims in the crime

Answer 8

Victimology

Question 9

focuses on helping victims heal after a crime

Answer 9

Victimology

Question 10

aim understand the criminals motives and the underlying causes of crimes.

Answer 10

Criminology

Question 11

concerned with fostering recovery

Answer 11

Victimologists

Question 12

seeks prevention and seek to understand the social impact of crimes

Answer 12

Criminologists

Question 13

the state, quality or fact of being a victim

Answer 13

Victimity

Question 14

person who victimizes others

Answer 14

Victimizer

Question 15

Victim Characteristics

Answer 15

Age
Gender
Social Status
Martial Status
Race
Residence

Question 16

Three Kinds of Crime Victim

Answer 16

1. Direct or Primary Crime Victim
2. Indirect or Secondary Crime Victim
3. Tertiary Crime Victims

Question 17

This kind of victim directly suffers the harm or injury which is physical, psychological, and economic losses.

Answer 17

Direct or Primary Crime Victim

Question 18

they are also exposed to emergencies and trauma on such a routine basis and that they also need emotional support themselves.

Answer 18

Indirect or Secondary Crime Victim

Question 19

Victims who experience the harm vicariously, such as through media accounts, the scared public or community due to watching news regarding crime incidents.

Answer 19

Tertiary Crime Victim

Question 20

German Criminologist & Author, “The Criminal and His Victim: Studies in the Sociobiology of Crime”

Answer 20

HANS VON HENTING

Question 21

Determined that some of the same characteristics that produce crime also produce victimization.

Answer 21

HANS VON HENTING

Question 22

Developed a typology on the degree to which the victims contributed to causing the criminal act.

Answer 22

HANS VON HENTING

Question 23

Consider that the victims may provolke victimization, acting as agents provocateurs, based on their characteristics.

Answer 23

HANS VON HENTING

Question 24

10 Victims Categories based on their propensity for Victimization:

Answer 24

1.Young
2. Females
3. Old
4. Immigrants
5. Depressed/ Lonesome/Heartbroken
6. Mentally Defective/Deranged;
7. The Acquisitive;
8. Dull Normal:
9. Minorities;
10. Tormentor

Question 25

Father of Victimology

Answer 25

BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

Question 26

Coined the relationship between victims and criminals that they knew each other and had some kind of existing relationship

Answer 26

BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

Question 27

According to him Victims bear no responsibility for their victimization, based on their behaviors or actions, do

Answer 27

BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

Question 28

First person to empirically investigate victim precipitation

Answer 28

MARVIN WOLFGANG

Question 29

Classic study of homicides occurring in Philadelphia

Answer 29

MARVIN WOLFGANG

Question 30

Examined 558 Homicides, extent victims precipitated their own deathis

Answer 30

MARVIN WOLFGANG

Question 31

3 Factors that common to victim-precipitated homicide:

Answer 31

a) The victim and offender had some prior interpersonal relationship, b) There a series of escalating disagreements between the parties, and c) The victim had consumed alcohol and influence of drugs

Question 32

Victimologist & Author, "The Victim and His Criminal: A Study in Functional Responsibility.

Answer 32

STEPHEN SCHAEFER

Question 33

Classifies victims on the basis of their functional responsibility."

Answer 33

STEPHEN SCHAFER

Question 34

Student of Wolfgang, conducted an empirical investigation about rape incidents that were e reparted to the police

Answer 34

MENACHEM AMIR

Question 35

His study shows that victims precipitated their own rapes and also identified common attributes.

Answer 35

MENACHEM AMIR

Question 36

Its basic premise is that by acting in certain provocative ways, some individuals initiate a chain of events that lead to their victimization

Answer 36

VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY

Question 37

People may actually initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their Injury or death.

Answer 37

VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY

Question 38

Victim Precipitation Theory first promulgated by____in ____ and applies only to violent victimization

Answer 38

VON HENTING in 1941

Question 39

It is used to blame the victim while ignoring the offender's role.

Answer 39

Victim Precipitation

Question 40

Involves at least two people an offender and a victim both parties are acting and often macting, before, during, and after incident

Answer 40

Victim Precipitation

Question 41

Concept of victim precipitation is rooted in the notion, although some victims are not at all responsible for their victimization.

Answer 41

Victim Precipitation

Question 42

Extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization.

Answer 42

Victim Precipitation

Question 43

How much a victim contribute to his or her own victimization.

Answer 43

Victim Precipitation

Question 44

2 Types of Victim Precipitation:

Answer 44

1. Active Precipitation 2. Passive Precipitation

Question 45

It occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats or lighting words, or even attack first

Answer 45

Active Precipitation

Question 46

it occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristics that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker.

Answer 46

Passive Precipitation

Question 47

the crime can occur because of personal conflict

Answer 47

Passive Precipitation

Question 48

also occur when the victim belongs to a group whose mere presence threatens the attacker's reputation, status, or economic well-being.

Answer 48

Passive Precipitation

Question 49

BENJAMIN & MATER'S THREEFOLD MODEL

Answer 49

1. Precipitating Factors 2. Attracting factors 3. Predisposing factors

Question 50

These includes time, space, being in the wrong place at the wrong time

Answer 50

Precipitating Factors

Question 51

These includes choices, options, lifestyles

Answer 51

Attracting Factors

Question 52

these includes all the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, being male, being young, heing poor, being a minority, living in squalor, being single and being unemployed

Answer 52

Predisposing factors

Question 53

theory posits that persons with certain demographic profiles are more prone to experience criminal victimization because their lifestyles expose risky situations

Answer 53

Life Style Theory

Question 54

The more often victims visit dangerous places, the more likely they will be exposed to crime and violence.

Answer 54

Deviant Place Theory

Question 55

Victims do not encourage crime, but are victim prone because they reside in socially disorganized high-crime where they have the greatest risk of coming into contact with criminal offenders, irrespective of their own behavior or lifestyle

Answer 55

Deviant Place Theory

Question 56

This theory includes the routine activities of both offender and victim.

Answer 56

Routine Activity Theory

Question 57

Three elements of the Routine Activity Theory

Answer 57

1. a motivated offender, b. a suitable target, and c. the absence of a capable guardian.