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CRIM 3 - HUMAN BEHAVIOR > Chapter 4: Victimology > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Victimology Flashcards

1
Q

When was Victimology was coined

A

Mid-1900s

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2
Q

Victimology first emerged

A

1940s and 50s

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3
Q

It is the Scientific study of crime victims

A

Victimology

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4
Q

Scientific study of the psychological effects of crime and the relationship between victims and offender

A

Victimology

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5
Q

Examine victim patterns and tendencies

A

Victimology

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6
Q

Study of the ways in which the behavior of crime victims may have led to or contributed to their victimization

A

Victimology

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7
Q

Include the relationship between victims and offender, victims and criminal justice system, and victims and other social groups and institutions, such as media, business, and social movements.

A

Victimology

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8
Q

Branch of criminology that deals about the factors of victimization and contributory role of the victims in the crime

A

Victimology

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9
Q

focuses on helping victims heal after a crime

A

Victimology

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10
Q

aim understand the criminals motives and the underlying causes of crimes.

A

Criminology

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11
Q

concerned with fostering recovery

A

Victimologists

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12
Q

seeks prevention and seek to understand the social impact of crimes

A

Criminologists

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13
Q

the state, quality or fact of being a victim

A

Victimity

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14
Q

person who victimizes others

A

Victimizer

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15
Q

Victim Characteristics

A

Age
Gender
Social Status
Martial Status
Race
Residence

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16
Q

Three Kinds of Crime Victim

A
  1. Direct or Primary Crime Victim
  2. Indirect or Secondary Crime Victim
  3. Tertiary Crime Victims
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17
Q

This kind of victim directly suffers the harm or injury which is physical, psychological, and economic losses.

A

Direct or Primary Crime Victim

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18
Q

they are also exposed to emergencies and trauma on such a routine basis and that they also need emotional support themselves.

A

Indirect or Secondary Crime Victim

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19
Q

Victims who experience the harm vicariously, such as through media accounts, the scared public or community due to watching news regarding crime incidents.

A

Tertiary Crime Victim

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20
Q

German Criminologist & Author, “The Criminal and His Victim: Studies in the Sociobiology of Crime”

A

HANS VON HENTING

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21
Q

Determined that some of the same characteristics that produce crime also produce victimization.

A

HANS VON HENTING

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22
Q

Developed a typology on the degree to which the victims contributed to causing the criminal act.

A

HANS VON HENTING

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23
Q

Consider that the victims may provolke victimization, acting as agents provocateurs, based on their characteristics.

A

HANS VON HENTING

24
Q

10 Victims Categories based on their propensity for Victimization:

A

1.Young
2. Females
3. Old
4. Immigrants
5. Depressed/ Lonesome/Heartbroken
6. Mentally Defective/Deranged;
7. The Acquisitive;
8. Dull Normal:
9. Minorities;
10. Tormentor

25
Q

Father of Victimology

A

BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

26
Q

Coined the relationship between victims and criminals that they knew each other and had some kind of existing relationship

A

BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

27
Q

According to him Victims bear no responsibility for their victimization, based on their behaviors or actions, do

A

BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

28
Q

First person to empirically investigate victim precipitation

A

MARVIN WOLFGANG

29
Q

Classic study of homicides occurring in Philadelphia

A

MARVIN WOLFGANG

30
Q

Examined 558 Homicides, extent victims precipitated their own deathis

A

MARVIN WOLFGANG

31
Q

3 Factors that common to victim-precipitated homicide:

A

a) The victim and offender had some prior interpersonal relationship, b) There a series of escalating disagreements between the parties, and
c) The victim had consumed alcohol and influence of drugs

32
Q

Victimologist & Author, “The Victim and His Criminal: A Study in Functional Responsibility.

A

STEPHEN SCHAEFER

33
Q

Classifies victims on the basis of their functional responsibility.”

A

STEPHEN SCHAFER

34
Q

Student of Wolfgang, conducted an empirical investigation about rape incidents that were e reparted to the police

A

MENACHEM AMIR

35
Q

His study shows that victims precipitated their own rapes and also identified common attributes.

A

MENACHEM AMIR

36
Q

Its basic premise is that by acting in certain provocative ways, some individuals initiate a chain of events that lead to their victimization

A

VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY

37
Q

People may actually initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their Injury or death.

A

VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY

38
Q

Victim Precipitation Theory first promulgated by____in ____ and applies only to violent victimization

A

VON HENTING in 1941

39
Q

It is used to blame the victim while ignoring the offender’s role.

A

Victim Precipitation

40
Q

Involves at least two people an offender and a victim both parties are acting and often macting, before, during, and after incident

A

Victim Precipitation

41
Q

Concept of victim precipitation is rooted in the notion, although some victims are not at all responsible for their victimization.

A

Victim Precipitation

42
Q

Extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization.

A

Victim Precipitation

43
Q

How much a victim contribute to his or her own victimization.

A

Victim Precipitation

44
Q

2 Types of Victim Precipitation:

A
  1. Active Precipitation
  2. Passive Precipitation
45
Q

It occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats or lighting words, or even attack first

A

Active Precipitation

46
Q

it occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristics that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker.

A

Passive Precipitation

47
Q

the crime can occur because of personal conflict

A

Passive Precipitation

48
Q

also occur when the victim belongs to a group whose mere presence threatens the attacker’s reputation, status, or economic well-being.

A

Passive Precipitation

49
Q

BENJAMIN & MATER’S THREEFOLD MODEL

A
  1. Precipitating Factors
  2. Attracting factors
  3. Predisposing factors
50
Q

These includes time, space, being in the wrong place at the wrong time

A

Precipitating Factors

51
Q

These includes choices, options, lifestyles

A

Attracting Factors

52
Q

these includes all the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, being male, being young, heing poor, being a minority, living in squalor, being single and being unemployed

A

Predisposing factors

53
Q

theory posits that persons with certain demographic profiles are more prone to experience criminal victimization because their lifestyles expose risky situations

A

Life Style Theory

54
Q

The more often victims visit dangerous places, the more likely they will be exposed to crime and violence.

A

Deviant Place Theory

55
Q

Victims do not encourage crime, but are victim prone because they reside in socially disorganized high-crime where they have the greatest risk of coming into contact with criminal offenders, irrespective of their own behavior or lifestyle

A

Deviant Place Theory

56
Q

This theory includes the routine activities of both offender and victim.

A

Routine Activity Theory

57
Q

Three elements of the Routine Activity Theory

A
  1. a motivated offender,
    b. a suitable target, and
    c. the absence of a capable guardian.

CRIM 3 - HUMAN BEHAVIOR (3 decks)

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