Chapter 4 - Understanding Student Differences

Question 1

Triarchic view suggests instruction and assessment
should emphasize all types of ability.
● Analytical: using prior knowledge and cognitive skills to solve problems and
new information
● Practical: ability to adapt to and shape ones environment; selecting di􀆀erent
environments for success
● Creative: solving novel and unfamiliar problems
● Use of Memory: Use information that you can recall from your own memory
WICS: Wisdom, Intelligence, Creativity, Success

Answer 1

Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence

Question 2

Helps students to mentally represent
ideas in multiple ways to develop a better understanding of the topic and to use that
knowledge in everyday life.
● Not every lesson needs to be designed to involve all eight intelligences, maybe
only two or three.
● Logical- Mathematical- Related to logical and numerical patterns; ability to
handle long chains of reasoning (Scientist, Mathematician)
● Linguistic- Related to sounds, rhythms, meanings of words, di􀆀erent functions
of language (Poet, journalist, linguist)
● Musical- Producing and appreciating rhythm, pitch, timbre; appreciation of
forms of musical expression (musician or composer)
● Spatial- Capacity to perceive visual spatial world accurately and perform
transformations on ones initial perceptions (sculptor, navigator)
● Bodily- Kinesthetic- abilities to control body movements and handle objects
skillfully (dancer,athlete)
● Interpersonal- Capacity to discern and respond appropriately to moods,
temperaments, motivations, and desires of others (therapists, salesperson)
● Intrapersonal- Access and understanding of one’s OWN feelings and ability to
discriminate and draw on them to guide good behavior; person with detailed
accurate, self knowledge (emotional intelligence)
● Naturalist- Ability to recognize and classify and identify relationships from a
logical, justifiable basis for plants and animals in one’s environment; talent for
caring for, training, and interacting with living creatures (botanist, entomologist)

Answer 2

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Question 3

○ General Factor
■ Affects performance on all intellectual tests
○ Specific factor
■ Affects performance only on specific intellectual tests

Answer 3

Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence

Question 4

■ Global capacity View- Intelligence is the global capacity of
individuals to act purposefully, think rationally and deal
effectively with the environment in which they find themselves.
■ Your processing and adaptability to the situation you’re in and
what you need to do

Answer 4

David Wechsler

Question 5

■ Triarchic Theory- Believed in 3 components
■ Practical Ability- adapting to the environment, shaping the
environment that you are in, or selecting a different environment
■ Creative Ability - Solving novel and unfamiliar problems
■ Analytical Ability- Using prior knowledge to solve problems and
learn new information
■ Design lessons that apply all of these abilities including memory
ability.

Answer 5

Robert Sternberg

Question 6

In a problem solving situation, the student prefers to
spend more time collecting information before coming up with a
solution.

Answer 6

Reflectivity

Question 7

In a problem solving situation, the students

responds quickly with little collection or analysis of information

Answer 7

Impulsivity

Question 8

A person’s perception of and thinking about a
task or problem are strongly influenced by additional info and
other people’s behavior.

Answer 8

Field Dependence

Question 9

A person’s perception of and thinking about a
task or problem are influenced by the person’s knowledge base
than by the presence of additional information or other people’s
behavior.

Answer 9

Field Independence

Question 10

■ Legislative, executive, judicial
■ Monarchic, Hierarchic, oligarchic, Anarchic
■ Global, Local,
■ Internal, External
■ Liberal, Conservative

Answer 10

Mental Self-Government Styles