Chapter 4- Tissues Flashcards
covers external and internal surfaces throughout the body
Epithelium
not in contact with other cells
free surface
adjacent to a basement membrane
basal surface
secreted partly by epithelial cells and partly by the cells of those underlying tissues
substances that cross epithelium must also cross here- it is filter-like
basement membrane
cylindrical extensions of the cell membrane that increase the free surface area
Microvilli
special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched
Transitional Epithelium
The number of cell layers decreases when..
Stretched
Found in mammary, larynx, male’s urethra
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
specialized mucus-producing cells that are mixed w ciliated cells
Goblet cells
Bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers
tight junctions
mechanical links that bind cells together
demosomes
anchor cells to the basement membrane
hemidosomes
small channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass from one epithelial cells to an adjacent one
Gap junctions
glands with ducts
exocrine
type of exocrine that ‘ducts have no branches’
simple
Type of exocrine that has many branches
compound
end of glands that are expanded into saclike structure
-vesicles empty their contents into the duct
Acinus
most common type of secretion
merocrine
shedding of entire cells
-lost cells replaced by other cells deeper in the gland
holocrine secretion
Glands without ducts
endocrine
this tissue is found throughout the body
-has large amounts of extracellular material that separates cells from one another
Connective tissue
contains protein fibers, ground substances, fluid
extracellular matrix
resemble microscopic ropes, flexible but resist stretching
collagen fibers
fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network
reticular fibers
structure similar to that of coiled metal bed springs
elastic fibers
resemble the limbs of pine trees w protein forming branches and polysaccharides forming pine needles
proteoglycans
cells that form fibers and ground substance in the extracellular matrix of fibrous CT
fibroblasts
cells that maintain fibroblasts
fibrocytes
form bone
osteoblasts
break down bone
osteoclasts
maintain bone
osteocytes
large WBC that are capable of moving
macriphages
nonmotile cells that release chemicals
mast cells
two types of loose CT
Adipose
Areolar
has extracellular matrix consisting mostly of collagen fiberd and few elastic fibers
Areolar
Tissue consists of adipocytes or fat cells w/c contains large amounts of lipid for energy storage
Adipose
large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space
dense CT
Types of dense CT
collagenous
elastic
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
capable of withstanding considerable pressure
-connects structures subjected to great pressure
Fibrocartilage
most abundant type of cartilage and has many functions
hyaline
to recoil to its original shape when bent
elastic cartilage
hard CT that consist of living cells and a mineralized matrix
bone
2 types of bones
compact
spongy
ability to contract, shorten, making movement possible
muscle tissue
muscle of the heart
muscle of the heart
forms walls of hollow organs
smooth muscle
forms the brain, spinal cord and nerves
Nervous tissue
responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
Nervous Tissue
electrical signals
action potentials
responsible for conducting action potentials
neuron
contains the nucleus and is the cite of general cell functions
cell body
nerve cells process
dendrites
axons
receives stimuli
dendrites
support cells of the nervous system
neuroglia
consists of various kinds of epi resting on a thick layer of loose CT
mucuous membrane
consists of simple squamous epi resting on delicate layer of loose CT
serous membrane
what part: pleural
lungs
part: pericardial
heart
part: abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneal
refers to the inflammation of the pericardial membranes and peritoneal
pericarditis
peritonitis
inflammation of the pleural membranes
pleurisy
line the inside of joint cavities
synovial membranes
occurs when tissues are damaged
inflammation
