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Anatomy And Physiology Lecture > Chapter 4: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristic #1 of epithelial tissue, has to do with apical and basal surfaces

A

Polarity

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2
Q

Surface exposed to exterior or cavity

A

Apical surface

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3
Q

Surface that is deep and attached to connective tissue

A

Basal surface

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4
Q

Finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane

A

Microvilli

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5
Q

Function of microvilli

A

Increase surface area

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6
Q

Hair like projections that aide with movement of contents across the cell and/or moving the cell itself

A

Cilia

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7
Q

Mostly glycoproteins, acts as an adhesive sheet, selective filter, and scaffolding for cell migration in wound repair

A

Non-cellular basal lamina

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8
Q

Characteristic #2 of epithelial tissue, characterized by tight junction, desmosomes, and the thought of “holding hands”

A

Specialized contacts

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9
Q

Characteristic #3 of epithelial tissue, characterized by being supported by another specific tissue

A

Connective tissue support

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10
Q

Superficial end of connective tissue, deep to basal lamina, connects to form a stronger support connection

A

Reticular lamina

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11
Q

Basal lamina + reticular lamina, reinforces the epithelium, resists stretching and tearing, and defines epithelial boundaries

A

Basement membrane

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12
Q

Characteristic #4 of epithelial tissue, characterized with no blood vessels but nerves

A

Avascular but innervated

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13
Q

Characteristic #5 of epithelial tissue, characterized by fixing and repairing damaged tissue

A

Regeneration

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14
Q

Two names in epithelial cells

A

Number of cell layers and shape

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15
Q

Single layer

A

Simple

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16
Q

Two or more layers

A

Stratified

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17
Q

Epithelial cell that is flattened and scale like, and the nucleus is flattened

A

Squamous cell

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18
Q

Epithelial cell that is boxlike and the nucleus is round

A

Cuboidal cell

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19
Q

Epithelial cells that are tall, column shaped, and the nucleus is elongated

A

Columnar cell

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20
Q

How is the nucleus shaped in epithelial cells

A

Takes shape of the cell

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21
Q

How do we classify the shape of stratified epithelial cells?

A

By the most superficial layer

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22
Q

Single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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23
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium

A

Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important. Secretes lubricating substances in serosae

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24
Q

Examples of where simple squamous epithelium are found

A

Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, lining of central body cavity

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25
Q

What are the two additional locations of simple squamous epithelium

A

The endothelium and mesothelium

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26
Q

What is the endothelium

A

Lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and the heart

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27
Q

What is the mesothelium

A

The epithelium of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity

28
Q

Single layer of cube-like. Rolls with large, spherical nuclei

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

29
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretion and absorption

30
Q

Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found

A

Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and the ovary surface

31
Q

Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei, some cells bear cilia, layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

A

Simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances. If they are ciliated, they propel mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action

33
Q

Locations of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Most of the lining in digestive tract (stomach to rectum), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands

34
Q

Locations of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Lining of small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

35
Q

Single layers of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain goblet cells and bear cilia

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

36
Q

Function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Secrete substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

37
Q

Location of nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Male sperm-carrying ducts

38
Q

Location of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Lining of the Upper respiratory tract

39
Q

Thick membrane composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are squamous. Can be keratinized or nonkeratinized

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

40
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

41
Q

Locations of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

42
Q

Locations of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

The skin

43
Q

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamous-like, depending on degree of organ stretch

A

Transitional epithelium

44
Q

Function of transitional epithelium

A

Stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ

45
Q

Locations of transitional epithelium

A

Urinary tract, lining of ureters, bladder, and parts of urethra

46
Q

Two things that glandular epithelia are classified by

A

Where the product is released and number of cells

47
Q

Release inside the body

A

Endocrine

48
Q

Release outside the body

A

Exocrine

49
Q

Gland that secretes by exocytosis, gland that lives. Ex: sweat gland

A

Merocrine gland

50
Q

Gland that accumulates product and then explodes, gland that dies. Ex: oil gland

A

Holocrine gland

51
Q

4 types of connective tissue

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Blood
52
Q

5 functions of connective tissue (think overall, fat, fat, fat, and blood)

A
  1. Binding and support
  2. Protection
  3. Insulation
  4. Strong reserve fuel
  5. Transport substances
53
Q

3 common characteristics of connective tissue

A
  1. Mostly non-living
  2. Common origin - mesenchyme
  3. Vary greatly in vascularity
54
Q

3 structural elements of connective tissue

A
  1. Ground substances
  2. Fibers
  3. Cells
55
Q

Ground substance 1: fluid that carries substances between blood and tissue cells

A

Interstitial fluid

56
Q

Ground substance 2: attaches cells to cell matrix

A

Cell adhesion proteins

57
Q

Ground substance 3: protein core with polysaccharides attached

A

Proteoglycans

58
Q

What are the polysaccharides on proteoglycans called

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

59
Q

More GAGs = more….

A

Viscous

60
Q

Connective tissue fiber with high tensile strength

A

Collagen structure

61
Q

Connective tissue fiber that stretches/is elastic

A

Elastin structure

62
Q

Connective tissue fibers that are a fuzzy network and are more delicate

A

Reticular structure

63
Q

Cell type in connective tissue fiber

A

Fibroblast

64
Q

Cell type in cartilage

A

Chondroblast

65
Q

Cell type in bone

A

Osteoblasts

66
Q

Blast =

A

Immature (active version of cell)

67
Q

Cyte =

A

Mature (maintaining version of cell)

Anatomy And Physiology Lecture (2 decks)

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