CHAPTER 4: THE PRE-DESIGN PROCESS Flashcards
What is the primary focus of the pre-design phase in landscape architecture?
Establishing the primary requirements and influences on the project, including budget, schedule, program, consultant work scope, approvals, and site conditions.
What should landscape architects execute during the pre-design phase?
A contract for design services with a detailed scope of work.
What is one key activity landscape architects should conduct during the pre-design phase?
Conduct client and user interviews to identify key project objectives, opportunities, and constraints.
What does sustainable site planning aim to minimize?
Negative development impacts by respecting the landscape’s natural patterns and processes.
List the five principles of sustainable site planning.
- Protecting the natural environment from unnecessary impacts
- Using design as an opportunity to restore environmental degradation
- Discouraging development on undeveloped (greenfield) sites
- Encouraging density, mixed uses, and walkable communities
- Promoting efficient resource use and resource conservation
What should landscape architects prefer when selecting sites for development?
- Reflective of input from stakeholders
- Located in or adjacent to existing communities
- Previously developed (including greyfield and brownfield sites)
- Adjacent to public transportation
What type of sites should development avoid?
- Contain prime farmland or are underdeveloped (greenfield)
- Provide habitat for threatened or endangered species or contain sensitive ecosystems (ex: wetlands)
- Are located within the 100-year floodplain
- Require extensive excavation and grading
What is the first step in the site selection process?
Clarify the project’s purpose, goals, and requirements.
What does the program development process determine?
The specific uses for a site as well as the associated functional and space requirements that are necessary to meet a project’s objectives.
What are the two purposes of the program document?
- Acts as a summary and synthesis of the site inventory/analysis and client review
- Functions as a checklist to compare the design proposal against
What type of information guides programming studies?
- Market analyses
- Literature reviews
- User demand studies
- Stakeholder interviews/surveys
- Analysis of relevant precedents
- Client objectives (desired uses, special features, design styles)
- Project budget
What does the basis of design include?
- Regulatory requirements
- A geotechnical report
- Budget and schedules information
- Other various data
What is the site inventory process focused on?
Documenting various site data.
What does site analysis require after the site inventory?
Interpreting the inventory data to make conclusions relevant to the design process.
What does site analysis summarize?
The site’s suitability for uses outlined by the site program.
True or False: Site inventory involves interpreting data to make design conclusions.
False.
Fill in the blank: The ultimate goal of program refinement is to provide clear direction and vision as the project’s _______.
[evolves]
What leads a consultant or landscape architect to reevaluate the proposed program?
Identifying constraints during site analysis.
What occurs when site analysis determines that the site is ideal for the proposed program?
The project transitions into the design phase and concept development begins.
