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Computing > Chapter 4 - The Internet > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - The Internet Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 factors that affect the performance of networks

A

Number of users, error rate, transmission media, bandwidth and latency

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2
Q

What is the internet?

A

A global collection of interconnected networks

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3
Q

What is the bandwidth and how does it affect the internet?

A

Amount of data that can be sent and received successfully in a given amount of time. This is measured in bits per second and if the amount of data goes over the bandwidth it can slow the data down

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4
Q

What is the error rate?

A

Less reliable connections mean the number of errors increases . Signal quality and length of cable can be factors in this.

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5
Q

What are Number of users and what does it effect?

A

Number of users can cause the network to slow down due to insufficient bandwidth for the data.

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6
Q

What is the latency of networks?

A

The delay of transmitting data to receiving it, caused by bottlenecks in the infrastructure of the network, often by switches not being segmented properly, meaning files that are sent are ‘late’

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7
Q

What does transmission media mean?

A

Refers to type of cable or wireless connection, wired connection has a higher bandwidth than wireless connections, fibre optic cables are better/higher bandwidth than copper cables

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8
Q

What are the two types of networks? What are their abbreviations?

A

LAN local area network

WAN wide area network

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9
Q

What is a local area network?

A

A network that exists on a single geographical location such as a business or home router. Most LANs connect home computers so that the user can access data.

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10
Q

What are wide area networks?

A

2 (mini) or more LANs connected together, most LANs are joined together to form a global WAN, connections between all the countries are like train tracks.

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11
Q

What are LANs connected with to make a WAN?

A

Cables, including Atlantic cables which go under the Atlantic

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12
Q

Name 4 disadvantages of the networks

A

Data can be easily stolen or misused
Viruses can spread easily from computer to computer
If a server fails the computer won’t be able to connect
If lots of devices connect at once it may be slow due to insufficient bandwidth

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13
Q

Name 5 advantages of networks

A

Communication between people, opportunities to grow and learn
Cheaper than manual methods
Shared resources such as printers
Users can share and find files anytime through the cloud network
Servers can control security, software updates and backup of data

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14
Q

What is a node?

A

A node is anything, usually a device, that has an IP address

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15
Q

What is a web browser ?

A

A piece of software that enables the user to access web pages and apps on the internet. There are a range of browsers, such as Firefox, internet explorer, safari , google chrome, etc, that are usually free to download and install

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16
Q

What is needed for a broadband connection to the internet?

A

An ADSL modem, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (data communications line), an ISP, Internet Service Provider and a wired or wireless connection. A switch is not required for a broadband connection.

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17
Q

What type of connection is preferable for streaming high definition video?

A

Fibre optic, it can handle speeds of up to 100 Mbps

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18
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A set of rules that define how devices communicate

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19
Q

What does a hypertext transfer protocol, HTTP do?

A

It transfers web pages from web servers to the client

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20
Q

What does compressing a file do?

A

It reduces the size of a file

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21
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A temporary storage space where data can be held and processed, checks for viruses before download

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22
Q

What happens at the ‘handshaking’ between two devices?

A

The client requests access, the server grants it and the protocols are agreed

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23
Q

What are sent between computers using protocols?

A

Data packets

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24
Q

Name some technologies and services available over the internet

A

Web pages, web applications , native apps (app for specific device accessed without the need for a browser), email, file sharing, voice calls and streaming audio and video

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25
Q

What are fibre optics? How do they work?

A

Cable made from flexible thin glass. Light reflects through internal centre of cable using a transmitter. The transmitter in the router sends light pulses representing binary code. When the data is received it is decoded back to binary form and the computer displays the message.

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26
Q

What are copper cables? How do they work?

A

Copper cables are twisted around each other (in a pair) which copper shielding is put around to cover/protect it. It uses electrical signals to pass data between networks.

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27
Q

What does coaxial mean?

A

It degenerates over long distances, such as copper cable.

28
Q

Give an advantage of fibre optic cables

A

Individual cables are thinner so larger quantities can be joined together compared to copper
Less interference than copper
Less chance of degeneration

29
Q

Name a disadvantage of fibre optic cables

A

UK telephone network still has areas of copper cable

Replacing copper with fibre optic is expensive

30
Q

Name an advantage of copper cables

A

A cables telephone can be powered directly from the copper cable so the phones I’ll still work if there is a power cut
Copper can be cheaper to set up then fibre optic cabling

31
Q

Name a disadvantage of copper cabling

A

Degenerates over long distances

32
Q

What is faster upload or download speeds? Why?

A

Download speeds are quicker as there is a higher demand for this

33
Q

What are network speeds measured by?

A

How many megabits they can download per second (Mbps)

34
Q

What is an analogy of bandwidth?

A

The server is a tap, bandwidth the funnel into a bottle and the bottle is the client

35
Q

What does an ADSL do?

A

Provides connection speeds of up to 24 Mbps and uses telephone lines to receive and transmit data

36
Q

What is 3G and 4G? What are their Mbps?

A

3G allows for 6 Mbps , 4G 18 Mbps. They are wireless networks accessed through cellular phone networks

37
Q

Name the advantages and disadvantages of 3G and 4G

A

+it provides internet connection on the move
+there is the ability to transfer data quickly, mostly on 4G
-not all places have 3G/4G connection
-it can be expensive to download data

38
Q

What is an analogy for protocols and bandwidth?

A

Like a road network, protocols/ rules to follow, to many vehicles means congestion, reduced bandwidth

39
Q

What is the process of exchanging data packets known as?

A

Packet switching

40
Q

Name some key things protocols manage about a message

A

Speed of transmission, size of message, error checking and deciding if the transmission is synchronous (exchanges of data is regular) or asynchronous ( form of data exchange which is irregular, OST exchanges of data over a network are like this)

41
Q

What does TCP and IP stand for and also known as?

A

Transmission Control Protocol, Internet Protocol, also known as internet protocol suite

42
Q

What are TCP/IP?

A

A set of protocols over the Internet. It organises how data packets are communicated and makes sure packets have the following information
Source, which computer the message came from
Destination, where the message should go to
Packet sequence, order the message data should reassemble
Data, the data of the message
Error check, check to see that the message has been sent correctly

43
Q

Name the several key protocols

A

IP address, FTP, HTTP, SMTP and POP3, VOIP

44
Q

What is an IP address?

A

Every device on the internet has a unique IP address. The IP address is included in a data packet, they are either 32 bit or 128 bit numbers. The address is Broken down into 8 bit numbers which is called an octet, each octet represents a number between 0 and 255 and is separated by a full stop

45
Q

What is the FTP protocol used for?

A

To transfer large files, organising files on a web server or website

46
Q

What is the VOIP protocol used for?

A

A set of protocols that enables people to have voice conversations over the internet

47
Q

What are the protocols SMTP and POP3 used for?

A

Email use these protocols to communicate with mail servers SMTP is used to send the email, POP is used to receive the email. OST email clients allow for transfers up to 10 Mb

48
Q

What does a website address contain?

A

An URL, uniform resource locator, which is a written address with an equivalent IP address. A web address contains (running from left to right)
http, the protocol
The domain name, name of website such as www..bbc.co.uk
An area within that website, like a folder
The web page name, the page you are actually viewing

49
Q

What is the domain name stored on ?

A

A DNS, Domain Name System

50
Q

What are name servers used for?

A

To host and match website addresses to IP addresses

51
Q

What happens when you type in a URL?

A

The ISP looks up the domain name, find the matching IP address and sends it back. The web browser then sends a request to that IP address for the page or file you are looking for

52
Q

What does the buffer hold?

A

Data that is required to watch or listen to media

53
Q

What does streaming require?

A

Streaming high quality images, music and video requires a lot of data. Compression reduces the size of files but keeps the quality

54
Q

Give an example of a popular streaming platform

A

BBC iplayer, Spotify, YouTube

55
Q

What makes it possible for devices to stream without the need for plug ins?

A

HTML5, new version of HTML which makes it possible for compatible browsers to stream without plug ins

56
Q

What is a server?

A

A special computer that is not used as a workstation but is dedicated to controlling files and services of others

57
Q

What are the 2 types of network models there are (not LANs and WANs)

A

Client server model and peer to peer model

58
Q

Name the advantages of client server model

A

Easier to manage security of files
Easier to take backup of all shared data
Easier to install software updates on all computers

59
Q

Name the disadvantages of the client server model

A

Can be expensive to set up/maintain
Requires IT specialist to maintain
Server is a single point of failure

60
Q

Name the advantages of a peer to peer model

A

Easy to maintain
No dependency on a single computer
Cheaper to set up

61
Q

Name the disadvantages of the peer to peer model

A

Network is less secure, no server authenticating users
Users need to manage their own backup of data
Difficult to maintain well ordered file store

62
Q

Does a peer to peer model have a server?

A

No

63
Q

What does a device need to connect to a LAN?

A 
A network interface controller/card
A wireless access point 
A switch
A router
Copper cables, fibre optic cables
64
Q

What are VLANs?

A

Virtual Local Area Networks

65
Q

What do VLANs apply that normal LANs don’t ?

A

The logic of what you want the network to be seen as over the physical connections

66
Q

Name advantages of VLANs

A

Can be connected to different switches but appear as if they are on the same segment of network meaning bandwidth is used more effectively
Users cannot access computers in other VLANs even if they are connected to the same switch
Cost effective as you don’t need to change network infrastructure as business changes, just segment it differently

67
Q

One physical network with one switch but the logic of two separate networks is maintained , maintenance through what?

A

Virtual LANs

Computing (5 decks)

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