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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 4: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary/skin/membrane system?

A
  • Physical protection
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
  • Sensation
  • Coordinates immune defense
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2
Q

What are the two main components of the skin?

A
  • Cutaneous membrane

- Accessory structures

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3
Q

What are the two components of the cutaneous membrane?

A
  • Dermis

- Epidermis

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4
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis and what are their functions?

A
  • Papillary layer: nourishes and supports the epidermis
  • Reticular layer: retains spread of pathogens, stores lipids, attaches skin to deeper tissues, contains blood vessels which assist in thermoregulation
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5
Q

List the six functions of the epidermis.

A
  • Protects dermis from trauma/chemicals
  • Controls skin permeability
  • Prevents water loss
  • Prevents entry of pathogens
  • Makes vitamin D
  • Contains sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
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6
Q

Name the 3 accessory structures.

A
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Glands
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7
Q

What are the 3 functions of glands?

A
  • help to regulate temperature
  • excrete waste
  • lubricate epidermis
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8
Q

What layer of the skin is made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

Cells that contain nerve receptors and allow for touch

A

Merkel cells

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10
Q

List layer of the epidermis in order from bottom to top.

A
  • stratum básale/germinativum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidium (clear layer found in thick skin)
  • stratum corneum
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11
Q

Which layer of the epidermis protects against light, heat, bacteria, and chemicals?

A

Stratum Corneum

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12
Q

Where do kerotinocytes originate?

A

Stratum Basale/germinativum

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13
Q

Another word for stem cells

A

Basal cells

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14
Q

Melanocytes and merkel cells are found in which layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum basal/germinativum

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15
Q

Keratinocytes are tied together by…

A

Desmosomes and tonofibrils

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16
Q

What type of cells are found in the stratum spinosum?

A

Keratinocytes and langerhans

17
Q

Stem cells differentiate into kerotinocytes in the…

A

Stratum spinosum

18
Q

Keratinocytes displace from the stratum spinosum and begin to die in which layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum granulosum

19
Q

Layer of epidermis that is cornified (surface cells become large and flattened, with small or absent nuclei)

A

Stratum cornium

20
Q

Which two structures make up digit prints?

A
  • epidermal ridges

- dermal papillae

21
Q

Layer of the dermis that is made of loose connective tissue

A

Papillary layer

22
Q

What layer of the epidermis contains capillaries and nerves?

A

Papillary layer

23
Q

True or false, the reticular layer of the dermis is made of loose connective tissue

A

False, it’s made of dense irregular connective tissue

24
Q

Blood vessels, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands are found in what layer of the dermis?

A

Reticular layer

25
Q

Name the 3 nerve receptors of the skin along with their functions

A
  • meissener’s/tactile corpuscles➡️touch
  • ruffini corpuscle➡️stretch
  • pacinian/lamellar corpuscles➡️deep pressure and vibrations
26
Q

The subcutaneous/hypodermics/superficial fascia are made of what type of tissues?

A

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

27
Q

Smooth muscle that surrounds the hair root…

A

Arrector pili muscle

28
Q

Sebum is excreted with the help of what two structures?

A

Sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscle

29
Q

What role does sebum play in skin health?

A

Coats hair and epidermis and inhibits bacterial growth

30
Q

Apocrine and eccrine/merocrine are 2 types of what?

A

Sweats, thick (produced in groin, axilla, and aereola) and thin sweat (throughout the body)

31
Q

Gland that secretes cerumen (wax) in external ear canal

A

Ceruminous

Anatomy 1 (4 decks)

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