Chapter 4: The Human Movement System in Fitness Flashcards
Nervous System (pg 87)
A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body.
What does the nervous system fundamentally perform? (pg 87)
The activation and recruitment of muscles to create movement and stabilization forces within the skeletal framework.
Obtains sensory information, both internal and external, about the environment.
The nervous system, through practice, solidifies the ability to achieve a specified outcome.
Central Nervous System CNS (pg 87)
The division of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord. Its primary function is to coordinate activity of all parts of the body.
What is the role of interneurons?
Interneurons receive impulses from afferent neurons and then conduct back out to provide the efferent response.
What is the location of interneurons?
CNS - central nervous system
Motor Control (87)
How the central nervous system internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.
Motor Learning (87)
The integration of motor control processes with practice and experience that leads to relatively permanent changes in the body’s capacity to produce skilled movements.
Motor Development (87)
The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.
The spinal cord
Is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the brain.
Controls the body’s reflexes
Structural efficiency (87)
The structural alignment of the muscular and skeletal systems that allows the body to maintain balance in relation to its center of gravity.
Coordinating proprioceptive movements for stability and balance.
Sedentary habits can… (87)
Create adverse effects on the nervous system. The nervous system can adapt to inactivity such as being in seated positions at work and home for multiple hours a day
Neurons (87)
The functional unit of the nervous system
Aprox. 100 billion specialized nerve cells
What parts does a neuron have? (87)
Cell body, axon, and dendrites.
Dendrite (88)
The portion of the neuron that is responsible for gathering information from other structures.
They act as extensions from the cell body, feeling for impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors.
Cell body AKA Soma (87-88)
Processes the information from the dendrite and sends it along to the axon.
The portion of the neuron that contains the nucleus, lysosomes, mitochondria, and golgi complex.
Axon
Conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.
A cylindrical projection from the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other neurons or effector sites.
Nerve impulses (87)
The consecutive linking of neurons by electrochemical signals that travel throughout the nerve fiber.
Afferent Neurons (87)
AKA sensory neurons. These are nerve impulses that move TOWARD the spinal cord and brain from the periphery of the body and are sensory in nature.
What are examples of sensory receptors? (87-88)
mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, chemorecptors, and photoreceptors.
Efferent Neurons (88)
Nerve impulses that move AWAY from the brain and spinal cord.
They conduct impulses for muscles to contract, which is why they are known as motor neurons.
Interneurons (88)
Only located within the spinal cord and brain; receives impulses from afferent (sensory) neurons and conduct back out to provide a motor (efferent) response.
Mechanoreceptors (88)
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.
Proprioceptors (88)
Aka body positioning receptors
Muscle spindles (88)
Are small mechanoreceptors found in the belly of skeletal muscles that measure the amount and rate of a stretch.