Chapter 4 - The Cell's Genetic Material Inherited Characteristics

Question 1

Chromatin

Answer 1

A method of storing DNA as nucleosomes (bead shaped structures) where DNA is wrapped around Histone proteins; exists this way for most of cells life to increase surface area of access to genes

Question 2

Structure of DNA

Answer 2

Double helix

Question 3

Subunits of DNA

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

Components of nucleotides

Answer 4

A ring shaped sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base

Question 5

Pyrimidines

Answer 5

Single ring structures (cytosine and thymine)

Question 6

Purines

Answer 6

Double ring structures (adenine and guanine)

Question 7

Translocation

Answer 7

A fragment of one chromosome attaches to a non homologous chromosome

Question 8

Deletion

Answer 8

A fragment of a chromosome is lost

Question 9

Duplication

Answer 9

A fragment of a chromosome is repeated

Question 10

Inversion

Answer 10

Two fragments of a chromosome are switched

Question 11

Allele

Answer 11

Alternative version of a gene

Question 12

Anaphase

Answer 12

Third stage of mitosis, when sister chromatids separate to become individual chromosomes

Question 13

Autosomes

Answer 13

Chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes

Question 14

Carrier testing

Answer 14

Genetic testing to determine if an individual carries a copy of a mutation that his/her children could inherit

Question 15

Chromosome

Answer 15

One long, condensed DNA molecule consisting of DNA and protein

Question 16

Diploid

Answer 16

Having two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent (2n)

Question 17

Gametes

Answer 17

Sex cells; eggs and sperm

Question 18

Gene

Answer 18

Unit of inherited information that carries a code for a specific trait or function

Question 19

Genotype

Answer 19

Genetic makeup or combination of alleles for an individual

Question 20

Centromere

Answer 20

Region where two chromatids are joined tightly together

Question 21

Telomeres

Answer 21

Protective end caps on chromosomes that wear away with each replication, does not contain information for making proteins

Question 22

Somatic cells

Answer 22

Cells of the body

Question 23

Prophase

Answer 23

The first stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids become visible, the centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus

Question 24

Metaphase

Answer 24

The second stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids attach to spindle fibres and line up in the middle

Question 25

Telophase

Answer 25

The fourth stage of mitosis, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, the spindle fibres disappear, and the nuclear envelope begins to re form

Question 26

Karyotype

Answer 26

A display of all the chromosomes in a cell/individual

Question 27

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 27

The two chromosomes of each matching pair

Question 28

Zygote

Answer 28

The fertilized egg that results from the fusion of the nuclei with the cytoplasm from the gametes

Question 29

Synopsis

Answer 29

The close association between homologous chromosomes in early meiosis

Question 30

Trisomy

Answer 30

A genetic condition where an individual has 3 copies of a particular chromosome

Question 31

Non-disjunction

Answer 31

When homologous chromosomes don’t separate during anaphase 1 or 2 of meiosis