Chapter 4 The Cell in Action

Question 1

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

Answer 1

diffusion

Question 2

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 2

osmosis

Question 3

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Answer 3

passive transport

Question 4

the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy

Answer 4

active transport

Question 5

the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

Answer 5

endocytosis

Question 6

the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane

Answer 6

exocytosis

Question 7

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Answer 8

cellular respiration

Question 9

the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

carbon dioxide + water + light energy -> glucose + oxygen

Answer 10

photosynthesis

Question 11

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Answer 11

cellular respiration

Question 12

the life cycle of a cell

Answer 12

cell cycle

Question 13

in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

Answer 13

chromosome

Question 14

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Answer 14

homologous

Question 15

in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

the division of the cytoplasm of a cell

Answer 16

cytokinesis

Question 17

What structures allow small particles to cross cell membranes?

Answer 17

channels

Question 18

only certain substances can pass through

Answer 18

semipermeable

Question 19

Why would red blood cells burst if you placed them in pure water?

Answer 19

Red blood cells would burst in pure water because water particles move from outside the cell where particles were dense to inside the cell where water particles were less dense. This movement of water would cause red blood cells to fill up and burst.

Question 20

What happens when a wilted plant is watered?

Answer 20

Osmosis makes the plant firm again.

Question 21

Are diffusion and osmosis examples of active or passive transport?

Answer 21

passive transport

Question 22

What is the difference between passive transport (osmosis) and active transport?

Answer 22

Passive transport occurs without the cell expending energy because particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Active transport requires a cell to use energy to move particles from an area of low concentration into an already crowded are of high concentration.

Question 23

sacs formed from pieces of cell membrane

Answer 23

vesicles

Question 24

molecules that absorb light energy

Answer 24

pigments

Question 25

the main pigment used in photosynthesis which gives plants their green color

Answer 25

chlorophyll

Question 26

Name two ways animals have to get energy from food. Which way releases more energy?

Answer 26

1- cellular respiration 2- fermentation ** cellular respiration releases more energy from a given food than fermentation does

Question 27

Respiration means breathing. How is breathing related to cellular respiration?

Answer 27

Breathing supplies the oxygen needed for cellular respiration. Breathing also removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular respiration.

Question 28

What are two kinds of fermentation?

Answer 28

One kind of fermentation produces CO2, and the other kind produces lactic acid.

Question 29

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

Answer 29

They are opposite processes. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and energy to produce glucose to store and releases oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and carbon dioxide to produce energy in the form of ATP and releases oxygen and water.

Question 30

What is the beginning and ending of the cell cycle?

Answer 30

The cell cycle begins when the cell is formed and ends when then cell divides and forms new cells.

Question 31

cell division in prokaryotic cells is called...

Answer 31

binary fission

Question 32

Do more complex organisms always have more chromosomes than simpler organisms do?

Answer 32

No. Fruit flies have 8 chromosomes, potatoes have 48, and humans have 46.

Question 33

Stages of mitosis:

Answer 33

``` interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis ```

Question 34

Before mitosis begins, chromosomes are copied. Each chromosome is then 2 chromatids

Answer 34

Interphase

Question 35

Mitosis begins. The nuclear membrane dissolves. Chromosomes condense into rodlike structures

Answer 35

Prophase

Question 36

The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. Homologous chromosomes pair up.

Answer 36

Metaphase

Question 37

The chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.

Answer 37

Anaphase

Question 38

A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes unwind. Mitosis is complete.

Answer 38

Telophase

Question 39

In cells that lack a cell wall, the cell pinches in two. In cells that have a cell wall, a cell plate forms between the two new cells.

Answer 39

Cytokinesis

Question 40

What is the difference between cytokinesis in an animal cell and cytokinesis in a plant cell?

Answer 40

In an animal cell, the cell pinches in two during cytokinesis. In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two cells during cytokinesis. After the cell splits in two, a cell wall forms where the cell plate was.

Question 41

`Why is it important for chromosomes to be copied before cell division?

Answer 41

Chromosomes have to be copied before cell division so the two child cells have the same amount of DNA as the parent cell.