Chapter 23 Circulation and Respiration -- use this deck Flashcards
a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body
cardiovascular system
the 2 upper chambers of the heart
atria (singular is atrium)
the 2 lower chambers of the heart
ventricles (singular is ventricle)
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs
artery
a tiny vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue
capillary
in biology, a vessel that carries blood to the heart
vein
the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins
pulmonary circulation
the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart
systemic circulation
Why is atherosclerosis dangerous?
Atherosclerosis happens when cholesterol builds up inside of blood vessels. This buildup causes the blood vessel to become narrower and less elastic. When an artery that supplies blood to the heart becomes blocked, the person may have a heart attack.
abnormally high blood pressure
hypertension
when a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged or ruptures causing a part of the brain to receive no oxygen and those brain cells die
stroke
when a blood vessel in the heart becomes clogged causing a part of the heart to receive no oxygen and those heart cells die
heart attack
when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs
heart failure
the fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body and that is made up of plasma, red cells, platelets, and white cells
blood
cells which take oxygen to every cell in your body
red blood cells
an oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells
hemoglobin
pieces of larger cells that clump together in a damaged area that is bleeding to help form a clot
platelets
microscopic particles such as bacteria and viruses that make you sick
pathogens
chemicals released by white blood cells that identify and destroy pathogens
antibodies
the force that blood exerts in the walls of the arteries
blood pressure
the pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract (the top number in a blood pressure)
systolic pressure
the pressure inside arteries when the ventricles relax (the bottom number in a blood pressure)
diastolic pressure
universal donor
type O blood
injection of blood or blood components into a person to replace blood that has been lost because of surgery or injury
transfusion
a collection of organs whose primary function is to collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood
lymphatic system
the fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes
lymph
an organ that filters lymph and that is found along the lymphatic vessels
lymph node
that main gland of the lymphatic system; it produces mature T lymphocytes
thymus
the soft tissue inside of bones
bone marrow
type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens
lymphocytes
type of lymphocyte that surround and destroy pathogens
killer T cells
type of lymphocytes that produce antibodies that attach to pathogens
B cells
the largest lymphatic organ in the body
spleen
small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx and in the passage from the mouth to the pharynx
tonsils
the part of the spleen that helps to fight infections
white pulp
the part of the spleen that removes unwanted material – such as defective red blood cells – from the blood
red pulp
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration
respiration
a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide
respiratory system
the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus
pharynx
the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds
larynx
the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs
trachea
one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea
bronchus
any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
alveoli
the dome shaped muscle beneath the lungs which helps you breathe
diaphragm
