Chapter 23 Circulation and Respiration -- use this deck

Question 1

a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body

Answer 1

cardiovascular system

Question 2

the 2 upper chambers of the heart

Answer 2

atria (singular is atrium)

Question 3

the 2 lower chambers of the heart

Answer 3

ventricles (singular is ventricle)

Question 4

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

Answer 4

artery

Question 5

a tiny vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue

Answer 5

capillary

Question 6

in biology, a vessel that carries blood to the heart

Answer 6

vein

Question 7

the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins

Answer 7

pulmonary circulation

Question 8

the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

Answer 8

systemic circulation

Question 9

Why is atherosclerosis dangerous?

Answer 9

Atherosclerosis happens when cholesterol builds up inside of blood vessels. This buildup causes the blood vessel to become narrower and less elastic. When an artery that supplies blood to the heart becomes blocked, the person may have a heart attack.

Question 10

abnormally high blood pressure

Answer 10

hypertension

Question 11

when a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged or ruptures causing a part of the brain to receive no oxygen and those brain cells die

Answer 11

stroke

Question 12

when a blood vessel in the heart becomes clogged causing a part of the heart to receive no oxygen and those heart cells die

Answer 12

heart attack

Question 13

when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Answer 13

heart failure

Question 14

the fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body and that is made up of plasma, red cells, platelets, and white cells

Answer 14

blood

Question 15

cells which take oxygen to every cell in your body

Answer 15

red blood cells

Question 16

an oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells

Answer 16

hemoglobin

Question 17

pieces of larger cells that clump together in a damaged area that is bleeding to help form a clot

Answer 17

platelets

Question 18

microscopic particles such as bacteria and viruses that make you sick

Answer 18

pathogens

Question 19

chemicals released by white blood cells that identify and destroy pathogens

Answer 19

antibodies

Question 20

the force that blood exerts in the walls of the arteries

Answer 20

blood pressure

Question 21

the pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract (the top number in a blood pressure)

Answer 21

systolic pressure

Question 22

the pressure inside arteries when the ventricles relax (the bottom number in a blood pressure)

Answer 22

diastolic pressure

Question 23

universal donor

Answer 23

type O blood

Question 24

injection of blood or blood components into a person to replace blood that has been lost because of surgery or injury

Answer 24

transfusion

Question 25

a collection of organs whose primary function is to collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood

Answer 25

lymphatic system

Question 26

the fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes

Answer 26

lymph

Question 27

an organ that filters lymph and that is found along the lymphatic vessels

Answer 27

lymph node

Question 28

that main gland of the lymphatic system; it produces mature T lymphocytes

Answer 28

thymus

Question 29

the soft tissue inside of bones

Answer 29

bone marrow

Question 30

type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens

Answer 30

lymphocytes

Question 31

type of lymphocyte that surround and destroy pathogens

Answer 31

killer T cells

Question 32

type of lymphocytes that produce antibodies that attach to pathogens

Answer 32

B cells

Question 33

the largest lymphatic organ in the body

Answer 33

spleen

Question 34

small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx and in the passage from the mouth to the pharynx

Answer 34

tonsils

Question 35

the part of the spleen that helps to fight infections

Answer 35

white pulp

Question 36

the part of the spleen that removes unwanted material -- such as defective red blood cells -- from the blood

Answer 36

red pulp

Question 37

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration

Answer 37

respiration

Question 38

a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide

Answer 38

respiratory system

Question 39

the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

Answer 39

pharynx

Question 40

the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds

Answer 40

larynx

Question 41

the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs

Answer 41

trachea

Question 42

one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea

Answer 42

bronchus

Question 43

any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

Answer 43

alveoli

Question 44

the dome shaped muscle beneath the lungs which helps you breathe

Answer 44

diaphragm