Chapter 4 Test ppt part 3

Question 1

Regulate valve openings and closings 
Valves include:
Epiglottic valve
Ventricular fold valve
Vocal fold valve

Answer 1

Laryngeal Muscles

Question 2

Extends from posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the base of the posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage
Restricts the extent of forward movement of the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 2

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Ligament

Question 3

Junction of the cricoid cartilage and the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage
Synovial (diarthrodial) joint that allows for the cricoid and thyroid to rotate and glide
Joint provides the major adjustment for change in vocal pitch

Answer 3

Cricothyroid Joint

Question 4

Have both origin and insertion on laryngeal cartilages

Make fine adjustments to the vocal mechanism

Answer 4

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Question 5

Saddle joint formed between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
Concave portion of arytenoids articulates with convex portion of cricoid lamina
Synovial joint allows for rocking, gliding, and minimal rotation

Answer 5

Cricoarytenoid Joint

Question 6

Extends from the cricoid cartilage to the anterolateral base of the arytenoid cartilage.
Often absent
May limit backward movement of the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 6

Anterior Cricoarytenoid Ligament

Question 7

Provide movement of laryngeal cartilages for speech

Regulate openings of respiratory pathway

Answer 7

Laryngeal Muscles

Question 8

Regulate Valvular action of laryngeal cavities

Answer 8

Intrinsic Muscles

Question 9

One attachment on laryngeal cartilage and the other attachment on a nonlaryngeal structure
Make major adjustments to larynx
Elevating
Depressing

Answer 9

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Question 10

Situated on or within cartilaginous skeleton of larynx

Responsible for the control of speech production

Answer 10

Intrinsic Muscles

Question 11

Primary tensor of the vocal folds
Pulls cricoid backward and upward and thyroid forward and downward
Increase length of vocal folds

Answer 11

Cricothyroid Muscle

Question 12

Composed of two heads:
Pars Recta
Pars Oblique
Both the pars recta and pars oblique are responsible for laryngeal adjustments associated with pitch change

Answer 12

Cricothyroid Muscle

Question 13

Origin: inner surface of the thyroid cartilage, near the notch
Insertion: base and muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Action: relaxes vocal folds

Answer 13

Thyromuscularis of the Thyroarytenoid

Question 14

Medial-most component of cricothyroid muscle
Origin: on anterior surface of cricoid cartilage
Inserts: into the lower surface of the thyroid lamina
Action: Rocks thyroid downward

Answer 14

Pars Recta

Question 15

Cover: epithelium and superficial layer of lamina propria
Transition: Intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria
Body: vocalis muscle

Answer 15

Vocal folds split into 3 sections

Question 16

Origin: from cricoid cartilage and courses obliquely up
Inserts: between the thyroid laminae and inferior horns
Action: Allows for thyroid to slide forward and backward which tenses the vocal folds

Answer 16

Pars Oblique

Question 17

Epithelium 
Lamina Propria
-Superficial layer (extracellular gelatin matrix) 
-Intermediate layer (elastin) 
-Deep layer (collagen fibers) 
Vocalis Muscle

Answer 17

5 layers of the vocal folds

Question 18

Portion where internal central fibers run alongside vocal ligament
Origin: inner surface, thyroid cartilage near notch
Insertion: lateral surface of the arytenoid vocal process
Action: tenses vocal folds

Answer 18

Thyrovocalis of the Thyroarytenoid

Question 19

Can also be classified as an auxiliary muscle
Helps dilate the laryngeal opening
Sphincter of aditus
Involved in closing entrance of larynx in swallowing

Answer 19

Thyroepiglotticus Muscle

Question 20

Only unpaired intrinsic muscle
Origin: lateral margin of the posterior surface of one arytenoid
Insertion: corresponding surface of the other arytenoid
Action: pulls arytenoids together, thus approximating the vocal folds

Answer 20

Transverse Arytenoid Muscle

Question 21

Superficial to the transverse arytenoid muscles
Origin: posterior base of the muscular processes
Insertion: apex of the opposite arytenoid (forms an “X”)
Action: adduction, enforces medial compression, as well as rocks the arytenoid and vocal folds down and in

Answer 21

Oblique Arytenoid Muscle

Question 22

Origin: Inner surface of thyroid at angle
Insertion: Lateral epiglottis
Action: Dilates airway

Answer 22

Thyroepiglotticus Muscle

Question 23

Sole abductor of the vocal folds
Origin: posterior wall of cricoid cartilage.
Insertion: muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages.
Action: ABDUCTION. They are the major muscles responsible for rocking and gliding the arytenoids apart.

Answer 23

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Question 24

Origin: cricoid cartilage
Insertion: muscular process of the arytenoid
Action: When this muscle adducts, the arytenoids squeeze the anterior tips of the vocal process (and vocal ligaments) tightly together
This movement lengthens the vocal folds

Answer 24

Lateral Cricoarytenoid