Chapter 4 Study Guide Flashcards
Came to America before the Civil War (Ireland, Germany)
Old wave immigrants
Came to America after the Civil War (Italy, Greece, Russia, Ukraine, Japan, China)
New wave immigrants
Hostility towards immigrants - Hostility mostly from the working class
Nativism
Affected immigration on the West Coast, banned further Chinese immigration, denied current Chinese in America citizenship
Chinese exclusion act
Factors that caused someone to want to leave a country (famine, overpopulation, war, religious persecution)
Push factor
Something that causes someone to want to come into the country (Religious freedom, Jobs)
Pull factor
Multi family apartment buildings that were usually very cramped
Tenements
Congestion, pollution, crime, political corruption
Problems created by urbanization
 upper, middle, and working class citizens lived in separate parts of the city
Upper class lived in the heart of the city
Middle class usually move away to avoid crime
Working class usually lived in tenements 
Separation by class
Informal political group designed to keep power
Immigrants voted on a party boss for jobs
 political machines
The theory of evolution applied to humans.
Social Darwinism
Supported philanthropy but by donating to the community
Andrew Carnegies the gospel of wealth speech
Belief that the rich should donate to the poor directly by giving them money and a place to live and stuff like that
Philanthropy
Provided direct help and age those who need it (Settlement house, YMCA, Salvation Army)
The social gospel movement
Large house used for temporary housing and usually run by women
Hull house or settlement houses
Teaching immigrants how to be more American and usually occurred in public schools
Americanization
To give people who voted for you government jobs
Spoil system or patronage
An example is the Pendleton civil service act
Civil service reform
Meant to help regulate railroads, federal law, helped farmers in small businesses
Interstate commerce act
Formed by farmers after the Civil War (Wanted Unlimited coinage of silver, federal ownership, graduated income tax)
Populist party or People’s party
Adding silver to have more money in circulation to decrease deflation to help farmers
What is a big part of the 1896 election
Free coinage of silver
The candidates were William Bryan and William McKinley
William Bryan was the Democratic and William McKinley was republican
William Bryan was supported by the People’s party but William McKinley won
The 1896 election
Something that looks nice on the outside but it’s trashy on the inside
America looks great because of urbanization in fast growing cities
Was bad on the inside because of crime living situation is just bad distribution of wealth and workers were treated horribly and there was a lot of political corruption
What does the Gilded Age mean and how does it apply to this period of American history
