Chapter 4: Stoichiometry & Equations Flashcards
Oxidation
loss of electrons
Reduction
gain of electrons
Neutralization Reaction
specific type of acid-base reaction in which the reactants are an acid and a base
What are the typical products of a neutralization reaction?
A salt and water
1st rule of oxidation numbers
oxidation number of an atom in an elemental substance is zero!
2nd rule of oxidation numbers
the oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is equal to the ions charge
3rd rule of oxidation numbers (H)
-Hydrogen is usually +1 when combined with nonmetals, -1 with metals
3rd rule of oxidation numbers (Oxygen)
Oxygen is usually -2. It is -1 in peroxides and -1/2 is superoxides. ALWAYS + when combined with F
3rd rule of oxidation numbers (Halogens)
-1 for F ALWAYS
-1 for other halogens except when combined with oxygen or other halogens
4th rule of oxidation numbers
the sum of the oxidation numbers for all atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion equals the charge on the molecule or ion
Combustion Reactions
the reductant (fuel) and oxidant (oxygen) react vigorously and produce significant amounts of heat, and often light, in the form of a flame.
Single Displacement Reactions
are redox reactions in which an ion in a solution is displaced via oxidation of a metallic element
Soluble Compounds Contain…?
-Group 1 Metal Cations and Ammonium
-Halide Ions
-Acetate, Bicarbonate, Nitrate, Cl-
-Sulfate Ion
Insoluble Compounds Contain….?
-Carbonate, Chromate, Phosphate, Sulfide Ions
-Hydroxide Ions
Soluble Exceptions
-Compounds of these Ions with group 1 metal cations or ammonium
