Chapter 1: Chemistry in Context Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter.

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative explanation of observations that MUST be testable and falsifiable

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3
Q

Theory

A

A well substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of aspect of nature

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4
Q

Macroscopic Domain

A

Everyday things, sensed and touched by humans

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5
Q

Microscopic Domain

A

Extremely small aspects, sometimes invisible to human eye

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6
Q

Symbolic Domain

A

Specialized language used to represent components of macro and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols

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7
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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8
Q

What are the four states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma

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9
Q

What is weight?

A

Refers to the force that gravity exerts on an object

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10
Q

What is Mass?

A

Measure of the amount of matter in an object

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11
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

States that there will be no change in the quantity of matter present when it converts from one type of matter to another

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12
Q

Pure Substance

A

Has a constant composition of the same type of matter

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13
Q

Elements

A

Pure substances that cannot be broken down further

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14
Q

Compounds

A

Pure substances that are composed of two or more elements

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15
Q

How are compounds broken down?

A

By chemical changes

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16
Q

Mixture

A

Composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts.

17
Q

How can mixtures be seperated?

A

By physical changes

18
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout

19
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Mixtures with a composition that varies from point to point

20
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element

21
Q

Molecule

A

A bundle of two or more atoms

22
Q

How do molecules move?

23
Q

Physical Property

A

characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in chemical composition

24
Q

Example of Physical Property

A

Color, density, hardness, melting/boiling point

25
Physical Change
Change in state or properties of matter without changing chemical identities
26
Example of Physical Change
Melting, dissolving, steam condensing
27
Chemical Change
Production of one or more types of matter that differ from the original matter
27
Chemical Property
The ability to change from one type of matter to another
28
Example of Chemical Property
Flammability, Toxicity, Acidity, Realativity
29
Example of Chemical Change
rust, reactions, combustion
30
Extensive Property
Depends on amount of matter present
31
Intensive Property
Does not depend on amount of matter present
32
What are the main elements that make up life?
CHNOPS
33
Adding / Subtracting SigFig Rule
Round to the nearest "same number" of decimal places as the number w/ least decimal places
34
Multiplication / Dividing SigFig Rule
Round to the same number of digits as the number with the least SigFigs
35