Chapter 1: Chemistry in Context

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

The study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A tentative explanation of observations that MUST be testable and falsifiable

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

A well substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of aspect of nature

Question 4

Macroscopic Domain

Answer 4

Everyday things, sensed and touched by humans

Question 5

Microscopic Domain

Answer 5

Extremely small aspects, sometimes invisible to human eye

Question 6

Symbolic Domain

Answer 6

Specialized language used to represent components of macro and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols

Question 7

Matter

Answer 7

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 8

What are the four states of matter?

Answer 8

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma

Question 9

What is weight?

Answer 9

Refers to the force that gravity exerts on an object

Question 10

What is Mass?

Answer 10

Measure of the amount of matter in an object

Question 11

Law of Conservation of Matter

Answer 11

States that there will be no change in the quantity of matter present when it converts from one type of matter to another

Question 12

Pure Substance

Answer 12

Has a constant composition of the same type of matter

Question 13

Elements

Answer 13

Pure substances that cannot be broken down further

Question 14

Compounds

Answer 14

Pure substances that are composed of two or more elements

Question 15

How are compounds broken down?

Answer 15

By chemical changes

Question 16

Mixture

Answer 16

Composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts.

Question 17

How can mixtures be seperated?

Answer 17

By physical changes

Question 18

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 18

exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout

Question 19

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 19

Mixtures with a composition that varies from point to point

Question 20

Atom

Answer 20

Smallest particle of an element

Question 21

Molecule

Answer 21

A bundle of two or more atoms

Question 22

How do molecules move?

Answer 22

as a unit

Question 23

Physical Property

Answer 23

characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in chemical composition

Question 24

Example of Physical Property

Answer 24

Color, density, hardness, melting/boiling point

Question 25

Physical Change

Answer 25

Change in state or properties of matter without changing chemical identities

Question 26

Example of Physical Change

Answer 26

Melting, dissolving, steam condensing

Question 27

Chemical Change

Answer 27

Production of one or more types of matter that differ from the original matter

Question 27

Chemical Property

Answer 27

The ability to change from one type of matter to another

Question 28

Example of Chemical Property

Answer 28

Flammability, Toxicity, Acidity, Realativity

Question 29

Example of Chemical Change

Answer 29

rust, reactions, combustion

Question 30

Extensive Property

Answer 30

Depends on amount of matter present

Question 31

Intensive Property

Answer 31

Does not depend on amount of matter present

Question 32

What are the main elements that make up life?

Answer 32

CHNOPS

Question 33

Adding / Subtracting SigFig Rule

Answer 33

Round to the nearest “same number” of decimal places as the number w/ least decimal places

Question 34

Multiplication / Dividing SigFig Rule

Answer 34

Round to the same number of digits as the number with the least SigFigs