Chapter 4: State of consciousness Flashcards
sleep
why do we sleep? (5)
1: protect
2: recovery
3: memories
4: creative thinking
5: growth
sleep
whats are the biological rhythms?
the 24 hour biological clock and 90 minute sleep cycle
sleep
whats the circadian rhythm?
the internal biological clock, regulates bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle, alteres by age and experience
sleep
NREM sleep (3)
1: sleep with no rapid eye movement
2: heart rate, respiration is slow and regular
3: little body mouvement, blood pressure and brain activity at its lowest point of 24 hour periods
sleep
REM sleep (7)
1: rapid eye mouvement
2: 20-25% of adult sleep
3: intense brain activity
4: most dreaming occurs
5: blood pressure rise, heart rate and respiration becomes fast and irregular, brain temperture increases
6: genitals become aroused
7: large muscles of body (arms, legs ,trunk) are paralyzed
sleep
explain the 4 stages of sleep cycles
stage 1: light sleep, lasts few minutes
stage 2: 50% of sleep occurs
stage 3: transition to last stage, lasts a few minutes
stage 4: deepest sleep, lasts 40 minutes
sleep
explain the sleep for an infant and young children
longest sleep time and highest % of REM and deep sleep
sleep
explain the sleep for middle childhood
fall asleep fast, sleep 8.5 to 9 hours and feel awake and alert during the day
sleep
explain the sleep for teenagers
gets 7 hours of sleep but needs 2 more
sleep
explain the sleep for an adult (5)
1: as age increases, the quality and quantity of sleep decreases
2: above 75 years worst sleep
3: more diffulty falling asleep and lighter sleep
4: average of 6.5 hours of sleep
5: percentage of REM sleep stays the same
dreams
are dreams symbolic?
no
dream
whats REM rebound?
an increased amount of REM sleep after REM deprivation and often get unpleasant dreams and nightmares
dream
whats the activation synthesis theory? (3)
1: During REM, brain produces random electrical energy
2: this random electrical energy stimulates certain memories
3: brain takes random information and gives it a story line
dreams
names all 4 parasomnias and describe each
1: somnambulism: sleepwalking and partial arousing from stage 4 sleep
2: sleep terror: partial arousing from stage 4 sleep and usually begins with piercing scream
3: nightmares: scary dreams that occur during REM sleep because of REM rebound
4: somniloquy: sleep talking and occurs at any sleep stage, more frequent among children
major sleep disorders
name the 3 major sleep disorders and explain them
1: nacotepsy: is incurable, excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable attacks of REM
2: sleep apnea: Periods during sleep when breathing stops, must wake up to breathe again
3: imsomnia: diffuculty falling asleep and staying asleep, waking too early, light sleep and restless and poor quality
sleep
whats hypnosis?
a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation
sleep
facts about hypnosis? (2)
1: aware of whats going on
2: can help control pain in surgery
drugs
what are psychoative drugs? (3)
1:alter normal mental functioning
2: some legal some not
3: trigger dopamine
drugs
explain what are stimulants (3)
1: speed up activity in the central nervous system
2: supress appetite, feel more awake, alert and energetic
3: does not deliver energy but forces body to use stored energy
drugs
types of stimulants (3)
1: legal stimulants: caffeine, nicotine
2: controlled stimulants: amphetamines, methamphetamines
3: illegal stimulants: cocaine
drugs
explain what are hallucinogens (4)
1: category of drugs
2: also called psychelics
3: alter mood and perception
4: hallucinations
drugs
types of hallucinogens (3)
1: LSD
2: ecstasy
3: THC
drugs
facts abt caffeine (4)
1: most widely used drug
2: in coffee, tea, cola, chocolate, energy drinks
3: inceases mental alertness
4: rise in heart rate, blood pressure and muscular tention
drugs
facts about nicotine (4)
1: tolerance develops in hours
2: 16.7% of canadians smoke
3: long term risks most lethal
4: 45 000 canadians die each year from smoking
