Chapter 4: Socializing individual Flashcards
Transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children
Heredity
Behaviors, attitudes, beliefs and values that characterize an individual
Personality
Unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern
Instinct
Behavior is a result of social environment and learning
Nurture Argument
Systematic study of biological basis of all social behavior
Sociobiology
Capacity to learn a particular skill of acquire a specific body of knowledge.
Environmental factors: parent responses encourage/discourage developmental of aptitude
Parental reinforcement may effect traits such as, shyness, social ability, and aggression
Aptitude
Provides you with biological needs but culture determines how you meet those needs.
- setting limits on individuals
- inherited characteristics limit what is possible
Heredity
More affectionate, more friendly, risk-takers and social and intellectual rebels.
Later born
- Age of parents when children are born
- Level of education
- Religious orientation
- Economic status
- Cultural heritage
- Occupational background
Parental Characteristics
Achievement oriented, responsible, conservative in thinking and defenders of the status quo.
First born
Each culture gives rise to certain personality types (model personalities)
- U.S. = competitiveness, assertiveness, and individualism
- Gender differences in our culture
- Subcultural differences
- Region of country or type of neighborhood
- Influence of Social Environment
The Cultural Environment
- Born to unmarried mom
- Grandfather kept her in an attic room
- Given minimal care
- Under nourished and emaciated
- No human contact
- At 6 years old, could not talk, walk or feed herself
- Learned to walk, feed herself, brush her teeth and talk in simple phrases.
- Died at 10 years old
Situation of Anna
- Found at same age as Anna
- Kept in dark room with deaf mom
- Did not learn to speak
- Found at 6 years old, acted like an infant
- Began to speak after training
- After 2 years she reached the level of her peers
Situation of Isabelle
- Discovered in 1970- 13 years old
- Confined from age of 20 months to small bedroom
- Beaten if she made noise
- Father interacted by acting like an angry dog
- Did not learn to talk
- Had skills of 1 year old when found and could not stand straight
- 8 years of training - did not progress past the 3rd grade student
Situation of Genie
- 1945 study by Rene Spitz (children living in an orphanage)
- Given food and medical care
- Given little human contact
- 1/3 of the children died within 2 years
- survivors: less than 25% could walk less or dress by themselves or use a spoon
- 1 child could speak in complete sentences
Institutionalization
Interactive process through which people learn the basic skill, values, beliefs and behavior patterns of society.
Socialization
Conscious awareness of possessing identity that separates you and your environment from other members of society.
Self
The Tabula Rosa
- Each child is born a “clean slate”
- We are all born without a personality
- Acquire personality as a result of social experiences
- Could be molded into a particular personality
John Locke
The Looking-Glass Self
- Interactionist perspective
- Definition: An interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others.
- Three Step Process:
- Child is influenced by primary group
Charles Cooley
- We imagine how we appear to others
- We attempt to determine whether others view us as we ourselves through their interactions
- Develop feelings about ourselves based on our perceptions
Three Step Process:
Role Taking:
- Role Taking: take on, or pretend to take on, the role of others
First: We internalize the expectations of people closest to us (significant others)
Second: expectations/attitudes of society guide us more.
- Generalized others: attitudes, expectations and viewpoints of society
-Three Step Process
- Parts of the Self
George Meade
- ) Imitation (under 3) - don’t have a sense of self; mimic actions
- ) Play (ages 3-6) - play and act out roles of specific people; trying to see world through someone else’s eyes
- ) Organized Games (over 6 or 7) - Require children to take roles; anticipate the actions and expectations of others
George Meade’s Three Step Process:
- The “I” - unsocialized, spontaneous and self-interested component of personality.
- The “Me” - Aware of expectations and attitudes of society (socialized self)
Parts of the Self:
Social interaction is like a drama being performed on a stage.
Dramaturgy (Ervan Goffman)
